<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsannals-II-3-W3-25-2013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Supervised and unsupervised MRF based 3D scene classification in multiple view airborne oblique images</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gerke</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Computer School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>II-3/W3</volume>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2013 M. Gerke</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-3-W3/25/2013/isprs-annals-II-3-W3-25-2013.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-3-W3/25/2013/isprs-annals-II-3-W3-25-2013.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-3-W3/25/2013/isprs-annals-II-3-W3-25-2013.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-3-W3/25/2013/isprs-annals-II-3-W3-25-2013.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In this paper we develop and compare two methods for scene classification in 3D object space, that is, not single image pixels get
classified, but voxels which carry geometric, textural and color information collected from the airborne oblique images and derived
products like point clouds from dense image matching. One method is supervised, i.e. relies on training data provided by an operator.
We use Random Trees for the actual training and prediction tasks. The second method is unsupervised, thus does not ask for any user
interaction. We formulate this classification task as a Markov-Random-Field problem and employ graph cuts for the actual optimization
procedure.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Two test areas are used to test and evaluate both techniques. In the Haiti dataset we are confronted with largely destroyed built-up
areas since the images were taken after the earthquake in January 2010, while in the second case we use images taken over Enschede,
a typical Central European city. For the Haiti case it is difficult to provide clear class definitions, and this is also reflected in the
overall classification accuracy; it is 73% for the supervised and only 59% for the unsupervised method. If classes are defined more
unambiguously like in the Enschede area, results are much better (85% vs. 78%). In conclusion the results are acceptable, also taking
into account that the point cloud used for geometric features is not of good quality and no infrared channel is available to support
vegetation classification.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>