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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>ESTIMATING BUILDING AGE WITH 3D GIS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Biljecki</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sindram</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>National University of Singapore, Singapore</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Technical University of Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>IV-4/W5</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Building datasets (e.g. footprints in OpenStreetMap and 3D city models) are becoming increasingly available worldwide. However, the
thematic (attribute) aspect is not always given attention, as many of such datasets are lacking in completeness of attributes. A prominent
attribute of buildings is the year of construction, which is useful for some applications, but its availability may be scarce. This paper
explores the potential of estimating the year of construction (or age) of buildings from other attributes using random forest regression.
The developed method has a two-fold benefit: enriching datasets and quality control (verification of existing attributes). Experiments
are carried out on a semantically rich LOD1 dataset of Rotterdam in the Netherlands using 9 attributes. The results are mixed: the
accuracy in the estimation of building age depends on the available information used in the regression model. In the best scenario
we have achieved predictions with an RMSE of 11 years, but in more realistic situations with limited knowledge about buildings the
error is much larger (RMSE = 26 years). Hence the main conclusion of the paper is that inferring building age with 3D city models is
possible to a certain extent because it reveals the approximate period of construction, but precise estimations remain a difficult task.</p>
</abstract>
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