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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-727-2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>HYBRID GEOREFERENCING, ENHANCEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION UAV LIDAR AND IMAGE POINT CLOUDS FOR MONITORING APPLICATIONS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Haala</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kölle</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cramer</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Laupheimer</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mandlburger</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Glira</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Photogrammetry, University of Stuttgart, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Wien, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>V-2-2020</volume>
<fpage>727</fpage>
<lpage>734</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2020 N. Haala et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2020/727/2020/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-727-2020.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2020/727/2020/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-727-2020.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2020/727/2020/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-727-2020.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2020/727/2020/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-727-2020.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This paper presents a study on the potential of ultra-high accurate UAV-based 3D data capture by combining both imagery and LiDAR data. Our work is motivated by a project aiming at the monitoring of subsidence in an area of mixed use. Thus, it covers built-up regions in a village with a ship lock as the main object of interest as well as regions of agricultural use. In order to monitor potential subsidence in the order of 10 mm/year, we aim at sub-centimeter accuracies of the respective 3D point clouds. We show that hybrid georeferencing helps to increase the accuracy of the adjusted LiDAR point cloud by integrating results from photogrammetric block adjustment to improve the time-dependent trajectory corrections. As our main contribution, we demonstrate that joint orientation of laser scans and images in a hybrid adjustment framework significantly improves the relative and absolute height accuracies. By these means, accuracies corresponding to the GSD of the integrated imagery can be achieved. Image data can also help to enhance the LiDAR point clouds. As an example, integrating results from Multi-View Stereo potentially increases the point density from airborne LiDAR. Furthermore, image texture can support 3D point cloud classification. This semantic segmentation discussed in the final part of the paper is a prerequisite for further enhancement and analysis of the captured point cloud.</p>
</abstract>
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