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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-259-2022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>LEARNING FROM THE PAST: CROWD-DRIVEN ACTIVE TRANSFER LEARNING FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF MULTI-TEMPORAL 3D POINT CLOUDS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kölle</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Walter</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Soergel</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Photogrammetry, University of Stuttgart, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>17</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>V-2-2022</volume>
<fpage>259</fpage>
<lpage>266</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2022 M. Kölle et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2022/259/2022/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-259-2022.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2022/259/2022/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-259-2022.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2022/259/2022/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-259-2022.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/V-2-2022/259/2022/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-259-2022.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The main bottleneck of machine learning systems, such as convolutional neural networks, is the availability of labeled training data. Hence, much effort (and thus cost) is caused by setting up proper training data sets. However, models trained on specific data sets often perform unsatisfactorily when used to derive predictions for another (yet related) data set. We aim to overcome this problem by employing active learning to iteratively adapt an existing classifier to another domain. Precisely, we are concerned with semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds of multiple epochs. We first establish a Random Forest classifier for the first epoch of our data set and adapt it for successful prediction to two more temporally disjoint point clouds of the same but extended area. The point clouds, which are part of the newly introduced Hessigheim 3D benchmark data set, incorporate different characteristics with respect to the acquisition date and sensor configuration. We demonstrate that our workflow for domain adaptation is designed in such a way that it i) offers the possibility to greatly reduce labeling effort compared to a passive learning baseline or to an active learning baseline trained from scratch, if the domain gap is small enough and ii) at least does not cause more expenses (compared to a newly initialized active learning loop), if the domain gap is severe. The latter is especially beneficial in scenarios where the similarity of two different domains is hard to assess.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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