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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-341-2024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Multi-Scene Roadside Lidar Benchmark towards Digital Twins of Road Intersections</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Miao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Dianyu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Peiguang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>Chengwen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Pu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>Wen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Nengcheng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>China University of Geosciences, School of Geography and Information Engineering, 430074 Wuhan, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>China University of Geosciences, National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, 430074 Wuhan, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>X-4-2024</volume>
<fpage>341</fpage>
<lpage>348</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2024 Miao Tang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-2024/341/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-341-2024.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-2024/341/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-341-2024.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-2024/341/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-341-2024.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-2024/341/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-341-2024.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In recent years, the evolution of digital twin technology has paved the way for the construction of intelligent holographic intersections. This can be facilitated by utilizing precise point clouds from roadside lidar. With its capability of real-time monitoring, lidar plays a crucial role in enhancing intersection perception, enabling precise detection and tracking of road objects, as well as providing accurate speed estimates. Despite the introduction of few roadside lidar datasets aimed at enhancing supervised learning algorithms, their applicability to intelligent intersection monitoring remains limited. To address this, this paper presents an Intelligent Intersections (Int2sec) dataset, which exhibits several salient features: 1) it encompasses a broad array of urban intersection scenarios accompanied by a substantial quantity of object annotations; 2) the deployment of dual lidar stations facilitates a thorough scanning of scenes, thereby ensuring expansive scene coverage and mitigating the mutual occlusion phenomenon amongst objects; and 3) the dataset not only catalogues the coordinates, dimensions, and orientations of objects but also encompasses additional attributes such as tracking IDs and real-time motion statuses. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the efficacy of various prominent benchmarking networks, providing a critical analysis and prospective for future research.</p>
</abstract>
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