Spatial-temporal Data Model for Indoor Fire Response Considering Multi-Factors

Abstract. The complexity of high-rise building structures and functions significantly increases the challenges in emergency responses to indoor fire incidents. This complexity is due to multiple factors that must be evaluated for decision-making within the fire scenario, such as the entities within the building, the status of environment, and the actions of people. An effective and precise indoor fire emergency management model should fully take into consideration of multiple factors, aiming to ensure the safety and effectiveness of emergency response action.
This paper proposes a spatial-temporal data model to integrate the entity-status-action, for designing the most suitable action strategies in various environmental status by considering all related entities in the indoor fire scenario. Firstly, a list of factors is designed to represent the scenario features including spatial location, semantic description, attribute characteristics, geometric form, evolutionary process, and the relationships among objects. Then, employs an ontology-based descriptive method to integrate multi-dimensions and effectively represents the interrelations among entities, actions, and environmental status within the context of an indoor fire scenario. These environmental status considered in the model focus on the supporting path-planning during execution of direct response actions. Finally, a set of path-planning rules has been developed to infer a series of environmental status supporting to formulate the optimal evacuation strategy to minimize the risk of evacuation failure. The case study shows that the proposed model is effective in unified expression for multitude of factors associated with emergency response in indoor fire scenario and supporting the decision-making of the emergency response actions.