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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W4-2024-153-2024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Smart Cities: From Theory to Reality - The Athens Case</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pantazis</surname>
<given-names>Dimos N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moussas</surname>
<given-names>Vassilios</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Daverona</surname>
<given-names>Anna Christina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gourgourini</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3980-1626</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>SOCRATES LAB (Society for Organizations Cartography Remote sensing / Road design and Applications using Technology / Transport engineering on Earth and Space) Dept. of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>X-4/W4-2024</volume>
<fpage>153</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2024 Dimos N. Pantazis et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W4-2024/153/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-W4-2024-153-2024.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W4-2024/153/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-W4-2024-153-2024.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W4-2024/153/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-W4-2024-153-2024.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W4-2024/153/2024/isprs-annals-X-4-W4-2024-153-2024.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The term &quot;smart city&quot; has been used in many circumstances, mainly to determine the added value of the &quot;smartness&quot; of a city. The cities must be viable for their citizens, &quot;green&quot;, with &quot;empty&quot; spaces, without traffic problems, good infrastructures etc. In addition, a city must be &quot;smart&quot;, means providing smart data, smart infrastructures and &quot;smart&quot; applications to their citizens. Many academic papers and real projects have exhaustively analysed and concretised the above issues. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, there is not a short list of factors extracted from a combination of a) theoretical definitions, b) indexing systems measuring a city&amp;rsquo;s &quot;smartness&quot; c) the citizens experiential needs and desires for smart applications and d) factors coming from the applications/data provided by local, national and international institutions/governments and private companies. A such integrated list may give a valuable practical level of the &quot;smartness&quot; degree of a city. This article is based on the extraction of the above factors which determine the level of &quot;smartness&quot; of a city. All those factors were applied in the city of Athens in order to determine the level of city&amp;rsquo;s &quot;smartness&quot;.</p>
</abstract>
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