3

3D

• Improving Deep Learning based Point Cloud Classification using Markov Random Fields with Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization, pages 229–236

3D Cadastral Registry

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31

3D Cadastre

• Exploring Spatial Interaction and Visualization Paradigms for 3D Cadastral Visualization, pages 237–246

3D GIS

• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

3D Point Clouds

• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86

3D Property Spaces

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31

3D Visualization

• Exploring Spatial Interaction and Visualization Paradigms for 3D Cadastral Visualization, pages 237–246

3D buildings

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

3D city models

• Automated texture mapping CityJSON 3D city models from oblique and nadir aerial imagery, pages 87–93
• Enriching lower LoD 3D city models with semantic data computed by the voxelisation of BIM sources, pages 297–308

3D generalisation

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

3D models

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

A

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

• Towards enhancing the safety of Advanced Air Mobility: Automatic 3D inter-urban modelling for improved weather monitoring, pages 1–7

Analytic Hierarchy Process

• Multi-Criteria GIS for Sponge City Planning with Open Data Sources in Vigo (Spain), pages 41–48

Architectural perception

• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

Artificial Intelligence

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110
• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324

As-built BIM

• Deep Learning Based Semantic Segmentation for BIM Model Generation from RGB-D Sensors, pages 271–279

Automatic 3D geometry modelling

• Towards enhancing the safety of Advanced Air Mobility: Automatic 3D inter-urban modelling for improved weather monitoring, pages 1–7

Automation

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110

Autonomous Driving Dataset

• A Landmark Selection Method for Object-Based Visual Outdoor Localization Approaches of Automated Ground Vehicles, pages 163–169

area approximation

• Enriching lower LoD 3D city models with semantic data computed by the voxelisation of BIM sources, pages 297–308

as-built BIM

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

B

BIM

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31
• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126
• GeoMVD: the Journey to High-Quality Georeferencing Profiles in IFC Datasets, pages 203–210
• Enriching lower LoD 3D city models with semantic data computed by the voxelisation of BIM sources, pages 297–308

BaseX

• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

Benchmark

• Exploring the Potential of NoSQL Databases for a BIM and 3D GIS enabled Location Framework for Construction Digital Twins and the Golden Thread, pages 137–145

Benchmarks

• Building-PCC: Building Point Cloud Completion Benchmarks, pages 179–186

Blender

• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

Blender Add-on

• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

Bridges

• Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Health Monitoring: A Case Study on the Integration of InSAR, GPR, and LiDAR within 3D GIS Environment, pages 155–161

Building Categorization

• A Categorization and Parametric Modeling Approach Using Open Geodata Enabling Building Vulnerability Assessment, pages 309–316

Building Information Modelling

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110

Building Reconstruction

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

Building Typology

• A Categorization and Parametric Modeling Approach Using Open Geodata Enabling Building Vulnerability Assessment, pages 309–316

Built Density

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

C

Camera

• A Landmark Selection Method for Object-Based Visual Outdoor Localization Approaches of Automated Ground Vehicles, pages 163–169

Chamfer Distance

• Building-PCC: Building Point Cloud Completion Benchmarks, pages 179–186

Citizen’s Mobility

• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

City-Twin

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69

CityGML

• Filling holes in LoD2 building models, pages 171–177
• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227
• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324
• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

CityGML ADE

• Towards Extending CityGML for Property Valuation: Property Valuation ADE, pages 127–135

CityJSON

• Automated texture mapping CityJSON 3D city models from oblique and nadir aerial imagery, pages 87–93
• Towards Extending CityGML for Property Valuation: Property Valuation ADE, pages 127–135
• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

Class Imbalance

• Improving Deep Learning based Point Cloud Classification using Markov Random Fields with Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization, pages 229–236

Classification

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Cloud Based Platform

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31

Co-registration

• Enriching Thermal Point Clouds of Buildings using Semantic 3D building Models, pages 341–348

Computer Vision

• Digital Twin and Wearables Unveiling Pedestrian Comfort Dynamics and Walkability in Cities, pages 195–202

Connected Digital Twins

• Towards National Connected Digital Twins - A Geospatial Perspective, pages 147–154

Construction

• Exploring the Potential of NoSQL Databases for a BIM and 3D GIS enabled Location Framework for Construction Digital Twins and the Golden Thread, pages 137–145

Coverage Path Planning

• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

car localization

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

D

DEM

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15

Data Engineering

• Exploring the Potential of NoSQL Databases for a BIM and 3D GIS enabled Location Framework for Construction Digital Twins and the Golden Thread, pages 137–145

Data extension

• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

Data integration

• Towards enhancing the safety of Advanced Air Mobility: Automatic 3D inter-urban modelling for improved weather monitoring, pages 1–7
• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

Data standard

• Integrating human perception in 3D city models and urban digital twins, pages 211–218

Data-driven modelling

• UHI Street Typology Based on Seasonality: A Case Study from Apeldoorn, Netherlands, pages 255–261

Deep Learning

• KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation, pages 71–78
• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86
• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126
• Building-PCC: Building Point Cloud Completion Benchmarks, pages 179–186
• Deep Learning Based Semantic Segmentation for BIM Model Generation from RGB-D Sensors, pages 271–279

Digital Twin

• A Semantic Digital Twinning Approach for the Management of Road Distress Data, pages 49–54
• KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation, pages 71–78
• Automated texture mapping CityJSON 3D city models from oblique and nadir aerial imagery, pages 87–93

Digital Twins

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110
• Exploring the Potential of NoSQL Databases for a BIM and 3D GIS enabled Location Framework for Construction Digital Twins and the Golden Thread, pages 137–145
• Towards National Connected Digital Twins - A Geospatial Perspective, pages 147–154

Dynamizer

• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227

data integrability

• Towards Extending CityGML for Property Valuation: Property Valuation ADE, pages 127–135

digitalization

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15

F

Feature Learning

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Few-shot Learning

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Figure-ground Maps

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

Flight Path Planning

• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

G

GNSS

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15

GPR

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15
• Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Health Monitoring: A Case Study on the Integration of InSAR, GPR, and LiDAR within 3D GIS Environment, pages 155–161

Generative Adversarial Networks

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

Genetic Algorithm

• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324

Geographical Data Translation

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

Geoinformation Data

• KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation, pages 71–78

Georeferencing

• GeoMVD: the Journey to High-Quality Georeferencing Profiles in IFC Datasets, pages 203–210

Geospatial

• Towards National Connected Digital Twins - A Geospatial Perspective, pages 147–154

Green Infrastructure

• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

I

IFC

• Towards Extending CityGML for Property Valuation: Property Valuation ADE, pages 127–135
• GeoMVD: the Journey to High-Quality Georeferencing Profiles in IFC Datasets, pages 203–210
• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

Image and Topology Integration

• Developing a Data Model for an Omnidirectional Image-Based Multi-Scale Representation of Space, pages 95–102

Immersive technologies

• Exploring Spatial Interaction and Visualization Paradigms for 3D Cadastral Visualization, pages 237–246

InSAR

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15
• Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Health Monitoring: A Case Study on the Integration of InSAR, GPR, and LiDAR within 3D GIS Environment, pages 155–161

Indoor Modelling

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

Indoor Positioning

• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126

Indoor wayfinding

• Experimental Study on Verbal Indoor Wayfinding Support, pages 17–24

Indoor-Outdoor Integration

• Developing a Data Model for an Omnidirectional Image-Based Multi-Scale Representation of Space, pages 95–102

Infrastructure Health Monitoring

• Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Health Monitoring: A Case Study on the Integration of InSAR, GPR, and LiDAR within 3D GIS Environment, pages 155–161

Intensity-based thresholding

• Semantic enrichment of urban space: A point cloud-based framework for road marking analysis, pages 281–288

Interaction

• Exploring Spatial Interaction and Visualization Paradigms for 3D Cadastral Visualization, pages 237–246

image-based positioning

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

L

Landmark

• A Landmark Selection Method for Object-Based Visual Outdoor Localization Approaches of Automated Ground Vehicles, pages 163–169

Landsat 8

• Multi-Criteria GIS for Sponge City Planning with Open Data Sources in Vigo (Spain), pages 41–48

LiDAR

• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86
• Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Health Monitoring: A Case Study on the Integration of InSAR, GPR, and LiDAR within 3D GIS Environment, pages 155–161
• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

LiDAR Traffic Data

• Data Processing and Enrichment of LiDAR-Derived Traffic Data, pages 263–270

LoD2

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

LoD2 Building Models

• Filling holes in LoD2 building models, pages 171–177

LoD3

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

LoD3 building model

• Enriching Thermal Point Clouds of Buildings using Semantic 3D building Models, pages 341–348

LoGeoRef

• GeoMVD: the Journey to High-Quality Georeferencing Profiles in IFC Datasets, pages 203–210

Localization

• Experimental Study on Verbal Indoor Wayfinding Support, pages 17–24
• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126

Location-based Service

• Developing a Data Model for an Omnidirectional Image-Based Multi-Scale Representation of Space, pages 95–102

Low Impact Development

• Multi-Criteria GIS for Sponge City Planning with Open Data Sources in Vigo (Spain), pages 41–48

level of detail

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

M

MODIS

• Multi-Criteria GIS for Sponge City Planning with Open Data Sources in Vigo (Spain), pages 41–48

MVD

• GeoMVD: the Journey to High-Quality Georeferencing Profiles in IFC Datasets, pages 203–210

Mathematical Morphology

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

Mesh Hole Filling

• Filling holes in LoD2 building models, pages 171–177

Mixed Reality

• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126

Mobile Laser Scanning

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Mobile Mapping Systems

• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

Mobile laser scanning

• Semantic enrichment of urban space: A point cloud-based framework for road marking analysis, pages 281–288

Models

• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324

Movement trajectories

• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227

map-based localization

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

N

NMCA

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

National Digital Twins

• Towards National Connected Digital Twins - A Geospatial Perspective, pages 147–154

Natural Based Solutions

• Multi-Criteria GIS for Sponge City Planning with Open Data Sources in Vigo (Spain), pages 41–48

NoSQL

• Exploring the Potential of NoSQL Databases for a BIM and 3D GIS enabled Location Framework for Construction Digital Twins and the Golden Thread, pages 137–145

named entity recognition

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69

O

OD data

• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227

OGC

• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227

Object Classification

• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

Object-Based

• A Landmark Selection Method for Object-Based Visual Outdoor Localization Approaches of Automated Ground Vehicles, pages 163–169

Omnidirectional Image

• Developing a Data Model for an Omnidirectional Image-Based Multi-Scale Representation of Space, pages 95–102

Open Data

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31

Open Geodata

• A Categorization and Parametric Modeling Approach Using Open Geodata Enabling Building Vulnerability Assessment, pages 309–316

Outdoor Localization

• A Landmark Selection Method for Object-Based Visual Outdoor Localization Approaches of Automated Ground Vehicles, pages 163–169

Outdoor Point Clouds

• Improving Deep Learning based Point Cloud Classification using Markov Random Fields with Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization, pages 229–236

Outdoor modelling

• Semantic enrichment of urban space: A point cloud-based framework for road marking analysis, pages 281–288

P

Parametric Modeling

• A Categorization and Parametric Modeling Approach Using Open Geodata Enabling Building Vulnerability Assessment, pages 309–316

Pavement condition

• Integrated approach to improve Road Infrastructure Resilience through complementary Non-Destructive Techniques, pages 9–15

Pavement failure

• A Semantic Digital Twinning Approach for the Management of Road Distress Data, pages 49–54

Photogrammetry

• Automated texture mapping CityJSON 3D city models from oblique and nadir aerial imagery, pages 87–93
• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

Point Cloud Completion

• Building-PCC: Building Point Cloud Completion Benchmarks, pages 179–186

Point cloud processing

• Semantic enrichment of urban space: A point cloud-based framework for road marking analysis, pages 281–288

Point clouds

• Enriching Thermal Point Clouds of Buildings using Semantic 3D building Models, pages 341–348

Property valuation

• Towards Extending CityGML for Property Valuation: Property Valuation ADE, pages 127–135

part to speach tagging

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69

R

RGB-D Camera

• Deep Learning Based Semantic Segmentation for BIM Model Generation from RGB-D Sensors, pages 271–279

Reconstructability

• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

Reconstruction

• LoD2BIM: A New Workflow for reconstructing and converting LoD2 Model to Information-rich IFC Model for Existing Building, pages 325–332

Remote Sensing

• KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation, pages 71–78

Repair of 3D Models

• Filling holes in LoD2 building models, pages 171–177

Resolution

• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

Road Assets

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Road Infrastructure

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110

S

Scan-to-BIM

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110

Scan-to-Twin

• RoadGen4Twins: A Modular Approach for Generating Multi-Purpose Geometric-Semantic Models for Digital Twins of Roads, pages 103–110

Seasonality

• UHI Street Typology Based on Seasonality: A Case Study from Apeldoorn, Netherlands, pages 255–261

Semantic Mapping of Intersection Objects

• Data Processing and Enrichment of LiDAR-Derived Traffic Data, pages 263–270

Semantic Segmentation

• Improving Deep Learning based Point Cloud Classification using Markov Random Fields with Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization, pages 229–236
• Deep Learning Based Semantic Segmentation for BIM Model Generation from RGB-D Sensors, pages 271–279

SensorThings

• Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS, pages 219–227

Simulation

• KemptenCity - Semantic Segmentation of Urban Areas for Simulation, pages 71–78

Smart Cities

• Towards enhancing the safety of Advanced Air Mobility: Automatic 3D inter-urban modelling for improved weather monitoring, pages 1–7

Smart Wearable

• Digital Twin and Wearables Unveiling Pedestrian Comfort Dynamics and Walkability in Cities, pages 195–202

Street Furniture

• Pole-NN: Few-Shot Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Lidar Point Clouds, pages 333–340

Street View Imagery

• Digital Twin and Wearables Unveiling Pedestrian Comfort Dynamics and Walkability in Cities, pages 195–202

Street typology

• UHI Street Typology Based on Seasonality: A Case Study from Apeldoorn, Netherlands, pages 255–261

Sun Glare

• Optimizing Bus Stop Environments: Analysis of Sun Glare Reduction with Green Elements in MLS and GPR Data, pages 187–194

System Dynamics

• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324

scan-to-BIM

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

semantic 3D city models

• Analyzing the impact of semantic LoD3 building models on image-based vehicle localization, pages 55–62

semantic information

• Enriching Thermal Point Clouds of Buildings using Semantic 3D building Models, pages 341–348

simplification

• 3D Generalisation of Building Components – An Initial Proof of Concept, pages 247–254

T

TF-IDF

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69

TextRank

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69

Texture mapping

• Automated texture mapping CityJSON 3D city models from oblique and nadir aerial imagery, pages 87–93

Thermal InfraRed (TIR) images

• Enriching Thermal Point Clouds of Buildings using Semantic 3D building Models, pages 341–348

Thermal Walks

• Digital Twin and Wearables Unveiling Pedestrian Comfort Dynamics and Walkability in Cities, pages 195–202

Topology

• A Top-Down Hierarchical Approach for Automatic Indoor Segmentation and Connectivity Detection, pages 289–296

Traffic Flow Density

• Data Processing and Enrichment of LiDAR-Derived Traffic Data, pages 263–270

Traffic Trajectory Data Enrichment

• Data Processing and Enrichment of LiDAR-Derived Traffic Data, pages 263–270

Traffic Violation Detection

• Data Processing and Enrichment of LiDAR-Derived Traffic Data, pages 263–270

Traffic management

• Semantic enrichment of urban space: A point cloud-based framework for road marking analysis, pages 281–288

Tree Instance Segmentation

• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86

Tree Inventory

• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86

U

UAS

• UAS Flight Path Planning: A Comparative Analysis of Diverse Use Cases and Approaches, pages 111–118

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

• Towards enhancing the safety of Advanced Air Mobility: Automatic 3D inter-urban modelling for improved weather monitoring, pages 1–7

Urban

• Improving Deep Learning based Point Cloud Classification using Markov Random Fields with Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization, pages 229–236

Urban Digital Twin

• Digital Twin and Wearables Unveiling Pedestrian Comfort Dynamics and Walkability in Cities, pages 195–202

Urban Forestry

• Tree Instance Segmentation in Urban 3D Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Fine Algorithm Based on Semantic Segmentation, pages 79–86

Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI)

• UHI Street Typology Based on Seasonality: A Case Study from Apeldoorn, Netherlands, pages 255–261

Urban Morphology

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

Urban Planning

• Optimizing Urban Layout: A System Dynamics, Artificial Intelligence, and 3D Urban Information Model Approach for Active Management of City Complexity, pages 317–324

Urban data

• UHI Street Typology Based on Seasonality: A Case Study from Apeldoorn, Netherlands, pages 255–261

User interface

• Exploring Spatial Interaction and Visualization Paradigms for 3D Cadastral Visualization, pages 237–246

V

Verbal interactions

• Experimental Study on Verbal Indoor Wayfinding Support, pages 17–24

Virtual environments

• Experimental Study on Verbal Indoor Wayfinding Support, pages 17–24

Volumetric Rights

• CadaSPACE: A Cloud Based Platform for a low - cost 3D visualization of property rights available in a 2D cadastral registry. An example for urban multi – storey buildings, pages 25–31

Volunteered Geographic Information

• Towards a Deep Automatic Generation of Figure-ground Maps, pages 33–39

Vulnerability Assessment

• A Categorization and Parametric Modeling Approach Using Open Geodata Enabling Building Vulnerability Assessment, pages 309–316

volume approximation

• Enriching lower LoD 3D city models with semantic data computed by the voxelisation of BIM sources, pages 297–308

voxelisation

• Enriching lower LoD 3D city models with semantic data computed by the voxelisation of BIM sources, pages 297–308

W

Wireframe

• Global localization for Mixed Reality visualization using wireframe extraction from images, pages 119–126

Word2Vec

• CITYTWIN – AI-based Decision Support System for Semantic Search and Analysis of Location-based Information for Urban and Site Planning, pages 63–69