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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-331-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Urban 3D Mesh Model Quality Using Three Photogrammetric Software Tools</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hasanteimouri</surname>
<given-names>Parvin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abdollahi</surname>
<given-names>Ali</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saadatseresht</surname>
<given-names>Mohamad</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chaghamirza</surname>
<given-names>Saber</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zakizadeh</surname>
<given-names>Seyed Reza</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Iranian National Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties, General Directorate of Cadastre, Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Tehran, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>X-4/W8-2025</volume>
<fpage>331</fpage>
<lpage>336</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Parvin Hasanteimouri et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/331/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-331-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/331/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-331-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/331/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-331-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/331/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-331-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban 3D models play an increasingly significant role in various domains such as spatial analysis, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and the design and management of smart infrastructure. These models offer a detailed and realistic representation of urban environments, which aids decision-makers and urban developers in evaluating current conditions and predicting future development scenarios more effectively. Due to the growing number and diversity of photogrammetric and reality-capture software available in the market, ensuring the quality and reliability of the generated 3D models is of paramount importance. Precise quality evaluation&amp;mdash;both geometrically and visually&amp;mdash;is essential for selecting the most appropriate tool for urban applications.In this study, a comprehensive quality assessment was carried out based on four main categories: visual and radiometric quality control, absolute geometric accuracy, length measurement accuracy, and internal consistency (internal accuracy). The performance of three widely-used software tools Pix4D Mapper, Agisoft Metashape, and Itwin Capture Modeler was evaluated using identical input datasets. According to the analysis results, Itwin Capture Modeler outperformed the other two in terms of both geometric precision and visual fidelity. These findings suggest that Itwin is a more reliable and efficient option for professionals engaged in high-quality urban modeling projects.</p>
</abstract>
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