This study analyzes the dimensions, contexts, and challenges of implementing smart regional development in Iran using a qualitative approach with in-depth semi-structured interviews from experts in urban and regional planning and policymaking. The focus is on identifying key components, development opportunities, structural barriers, and institutional prerequisites for smart regional development, adapted to Iran’s local conditions. Data were gathered through interviews with four prominent specialists in smartification, local governance, and regional planning, analyzed via qualitative content analysis employing a three-stage coding process (open, axial, selective) until theoretical saturation. Findings reveal that effective smart regional development in Iran demands three core pillars: enhanced technological and informational infrastructure, integrated and participatory multi-level governance, and strengthened organizational capacity in local institutions. Major challenges include persistent centralization, inadequate participatory culture, fragmented information systems, and limitations in financial and human resources. Comparisons with global research highlight conceptual alignments alongside Iran’s unique structural and institutional differences, emphasizing the necessity for a localized policy framework. The innovation of this research lies in delineating an integrated, context specific conceptual model that can serve as a foundation for future policymaking in smart regional development.