<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-631-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Comparative Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Wildfire Susceptibility Mapping in South Wales, Australia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rostami</surname>
<given-names>Alireza</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pahlavani</surname>
<given-names>Parham</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ghorbanzadeh</surname>
<given-names>Omid</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geomatics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>X-4/W8-2025</volume>
<fpage>631</fpage>
<lpage>639</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Alireza Rostami et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/631/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-631-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/631/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-631-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/631/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-631-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-4-W8-2025/631/2026/isprs-annals-X-4-W8-2025-631-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Wildfire susceptibility mapping is an essential tool for proactive fire management in regions prone to wildfires. This study aims to determine areas of South Wales, Australia, that are susceptible to wildfires using a comprehensive set of environmental parameters and multiple machine learning (ML) models. A geospatial data set of topographical (digital elevation model, slope, aspect), climatic (temperature, precipitation, wind speed, soil moisture), vegetative (normalized difference vegetation index, forest cover, land use), and anthropogenic (distance to roads and rivers) attributes was created. Seven ML classifiers were developed: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), CatBoost, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Natural Gradient Boosting (NGBoost). Four-fold cross-validation was used to test the models, with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) being the primary model performance metric. Results indicate that ensemble tree-based models were superior to other approaches in performance. CatBoost, LightGBM, and XGBoost were the best performers, with maximum mean AUC values higher than 0.9. The least effective model among those tested was the SVM model. Across all the models tested, NDVI was determined to be the top predictor of wildfire susceptibility.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>