Design and Implementation of a Geospatially Enabled Blockchain Application for Land Record Management

Abstract. In India, land ownership disputes remain a major source of litigation, often resulting from fragmented records, lack of transparency, and outdated administrative processes. This study explores the potential of geospatially enabled blockchain technology to transform land administration into a secure, efficient, and trust based system. By combining the immutability and decentralization of blockchain with the spatial precision of geospatial data, the research proposes a digital framework that enhances the integrity of land transactions and builds stakeholder confidence. The methodology follows a modular system development approach using both software and database life cycle models. Through fact finding, stakeholder interviews, prototyping, and interface development, the system was designed to accommodate various users buyers, sellers, inspectors, and administrators. Key features include cryptographic public private key generation and secure hashing algorithms for transaction protection. A functional prototype was developed using Java and MySQL, integrating GIS capabilities and smart contracts to automate processes and ensure spatial traceability. The system’s performance was assessed based on its completeness, usability, and security. Results showed that the blockchain ledger enabled real time synchronization and minimized the risk of fraud, tampering, or duplication. Incorporating spatial data allowed for visual verification of land parcels and ownership histories, improving reliability for both citizens and government agencies.

This research demonstrates how integrating geospatial intelligence with blockchain can modernize land governance, reduce bureaucratic delays, and foster a more transparent and citizen centric system. It presents a promising direction for high performance, scalable digital infrastructure in rapidly developing regions.