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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-X-5-W2-2025-65-2025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Deep CNN model for Landuse Landcover Classification for 4 Band Visible and NIR Datasets</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chachra</surname>
<given-names>Pranavi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tiwari</surname>
<given-names>Aparna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Minakshi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>X-5/W2-2025</volume>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Pranavi Chachra et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-W2-2025/65/2025/isprs-annals-X-5-W2-2025-65-2025.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-W2-2025/65/2025/isprs-annals-X-5-W2-2025-65-2025.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-W2-2025/65/2025/isprs-annals-X-5-W2-2025-65-2025.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-W2-2025/65/2025/isprs-annals-X-5-W2-2025-65-2025.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Accurate classification of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) from satellite imagery is vital for environmental monitoring, sustainable urban development, and resource management. With the increasing availability of multi-spectral data from Earth observation missions such as Sentinel-2, deep learning provides powerful solutions for automating LULC classification. In this study, we present a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture tailored for 4-band satellite imagery. Unlike conventional approaches that rely solely on RGB inputs, our model incorporates Red, Green, Blue, and Near-Infrared (NIR) bands to capture a broader range of surface and vegetation characteristics. The architecture combines stacked convolutional blocks with batch normalization, pooling layers, and dropout regularization, ensuring both strong accuracy and efficient computation. Training was further enhanced through data augmentation strategies such as rotation, flipping, and zooming. Using the EuroSAT dataset (27,000 images across 10 classes), the model achieved a test accuracy of 96% and a macro-averaged F1-score of 0.96, with excellent performance in challenging categories such as Residential, SeaLake, and Forest. The compact design of the model makes it highly suitable for deployment in time-sensitive or resource-limited scenarios, including monitoring of city growth, assessing agricultural productivity, and supporting rapid response to environmental hazards.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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