ISPRS-Annals

ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

ISPRS-Annals

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

2194-9050

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/isprs-annals-X-M-2-2025-165-2025

3D Documentation for Large Scale Monuments - The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy (2010–2025)

Krusche

Krupali

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-9816

¹ Kwon

Yeji

School of Architecture, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA

23 09 2025

X-M-2-2025 165 173

2025

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-M-2-2025/165/2025/isprs-annals-X-M-2-2025-165-2025.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-M-2-2025/165/2025/isprs-annals-X-M-2-2025-165-2025.pdf

Analysis of point cloud data has been pivotal in advancing 3D scanning for heritage documentation. The Roman Forum project, initiated in 2010, exemplifies this evolution. Multiple expeditions amassed dense point cloud data that underwent rigorous processing comprising noise reduction, precise alignment, and the extraction of essential geometric features to produce a unified, fully rotatable 3D model. This digital reconstruction not only captures the intricate details of the Roman Forum monuments with high fidelity but also enables deliverables such as detailed terrain sections spanning nearly 800 meters, offering a refreshed analytical perspective on this ancient site.