<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-163-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Ray Queries On Raw Point Clouds</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Teuscher</surname>
<given-names>Balthasar</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-1920</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Walther</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Poku-Agyemang</surname>
<given-names>Kwasi Nyarko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Werner</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Professorship of Big Geospatial Data Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-2-2026</volume>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>168</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Balthasar Teuscher et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/163/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-163-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/163/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-163-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/163/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-163-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/163/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-163-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Retrieving information from point clouds for analysis and visualization has gained ever-increasing interest. A growing niche in this regard is ray queries, commonly used for image synthesis. Ray tracing is widely used in computer graphics, with a multitude of solutions based on bounding volume hierarchies. However, these solutions are rarely straightforward to integrate with raw point cloud data and geospatial analytical workflows. To overcome this, we present a novel approach to ray tracing in raw point clouds that builds upon and extends existing geospatial indices. The solution is exemplified by a fast octree implementation that supports versatile query semantics, such as neighborhood queries with constraints on k and radius for both points and rays, while offering configurable data organization schemes, including layered, fixed, and adaptive depth. The evaluation demonstrates satisfactory speed and capabilities for many scientific use cases, while simultaneously exhibiting low implementation costs, high flexibility, and simplicity in integrating ray tracing into analytical point cloud workflows.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>