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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-385-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Image LiDAR based change detection and updating for urban 3D reconstruction</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Teng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vallet</surname>
<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Univ Gustave Eiffel, Géodata Paris, IGN, LASTIG, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-2-2026</volume>
<fpage>385</fpage>
<lpage>392</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Teng Wu</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-385-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-385-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-385-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-385-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>There is a high demand for accurate and up-to-date territorial digital twins for human activities, but their production and updating costs remain prohibitive for many applications. Their generation relies on acquiring LiDAR and/or image data over the territory of interest. Each modality has its advantages: LiDAR is more accurate but more costly, while images are noisier but less costly and more easily accessible. Combining these two technologies to produce and update digital twins is thus a promising avenue. In this paper, we propose a pipeline based on 3D change detection to update a LiDAR point cloud using newer aerial imagery. First, triangle meshes are generated from LiDAR data and image-based dense matching. Then, 3D ray tracing is used to detect changes. After removing the changed parts, the point clouds are fused to update the scene. The proposed method is demonstrated on two datasets in France. The code will be open source on Github: &lt;code&gt;https://github.com/whuwuteng/ChangeUpdateJN&lt;/code&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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