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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-473-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of Metric Monocular Depth Estimation Models Under Adverse Weather
Conditions in Driving Scenarios</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khalefa</surname>
<given-names>Nour</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Souza</surname>
<given-names>Roberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>El-Sheimy</surname>
<given-names>Naser</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-2-2026</volume>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>481</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Nour Khalefa et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/473/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-473-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/473/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-473-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/473/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-473-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/473/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-473-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Metric monocular depth estimation has become increasingly important and is often used as a redundancy mechanism in autonomous driving, where accurate scene understanding is essential for safe decision-making. In this work, we evaluate three recently proposed models that represent the state-of-the-art (Depth Anything, PackNet-SfM, and UnidDepth) using zero-shot testing on the DrivingStereo dataset across diverse weather conditions, and benchmark their performance. Our analysis considers not only metric depth accuracy metrcis but also each model&amp;rsquo;s ability to generalize under challenging environmental variations. While UniDepth achieves notable improvements over Depth Anything and PackNet-SfM, our results show that substantial progress is still needed for robust real-world deployment. To further assess its practical suitability for autonomous driving applications, we conduct a detailed examination of UniDepth&amp;rsquo;s strengths, limitations, and failure modes.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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