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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-61-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>TriCo-Net: Learning Semantically Aware Local Features via Triple Consistency</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Longze</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yan</surname>
<given-names>Li</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xie</surname>
<given-names>Hong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Hao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>Shan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Binbing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoteng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>Junjie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Aoran</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Wuhan University, The School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Henan Normal University, The College of Software, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-2-2026</volume>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Longze Zhu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/61/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-61-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/61/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-61-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/61/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-61-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/61/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-61-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Local feature matching in complex scenes is hindered by semantic ambiguity, where detectors often latch onto transient or repetitive patterns. We present TriCo-Net, which learns semantically aware and discriminative local features by enforcing a Triple Consistency (TriCo) principle across implicit semantics, scale, and spatial context. During training, an Implicit Semantic Strategy (ISS) distills cues from a segmentation teacher to modulate keypoint reliability and descriptor learning, while introducing no overhead at inference. A Scale-wise Semantic Harmonizer (SSH) aligns and fuses feature-pyramid levels to ensure cross-scale coherence, and a Global Context Propagator (GCP) broadcasts scene-level dependencies to resolve local ambiguities. On Aachen Day&amp;ndash;Night v1.1, TriCo-Net achieves strong and consistent gains in visual localization, particularly under night conditions, and exhibits robustness to blur, noise, and large homographies. Ablations show complementary benefits from ISS, SSH, and GCP, with ISS contributing most at tight thresholds and at night. TriCo-Net narrows the day&amp;ndash;night performance gap while maintaining mid-range throughput, offering a practical trade-off between robustness and efficiency.</p>
</abstract>
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