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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-639-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>MultiChange3D: A Multi-Scene, Multi-Sensor Dataset for Benchmarking 3D Geometric Change Detection</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Zhaoyi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6169-9915</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Trybała</surname>
<given-names>Paweł</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-1147</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wieser</surname>
<given-names>Andreas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Remondino</surname>
<given-names>Fabio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-5342</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Chair of Geosensors and Engineering Geodesy (GSEG), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>3D Optical Metrology (3DOM) Unit, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-2-2026</volume>
<fpage>639</fpage>
<lpage>646</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Zhaoyi Wang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/639/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-639-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/639/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-639-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/639/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-639-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-2-2026/639/2026/isprs-annals-XI-2-2026-639-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>3D change detection is essential for monitoring infrastructure, environmental dynamics, and natural hazards. However, existing algorithms are often evaluated on single-scene datasets, and their generalization across varied real-world scenes remains largely unexplored due to the absence of a universal benchmark. To address this issue, we propose &lt;em&gt;MultiChange3D&lt;/em&gt;, a multi-scene, multisensor 3D change detection dataset for identifying geometric changes in 3D space. The dataset provides registered pairs of point clouds with ground-truth geometric change labels, enabling standardized evaluation across different methods. To demonstrate the use of the &lt;em&gt;MultiChange3D&lt;/em&gt; dataset, we benchmark an initial set of approaches on a subset of the dataset. The evaluated methods include classical Euclidean distance-based methods (C2C, M3C2), 3D displacement estimation-based approaches (F2S3, Landslide-3D), and deep learning-based classification methods (KPConv, EF-KPConv, PGN3DCD). Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate the strengths and limitations of the evaluated methods, highlighting the challenges in cross-scene generalization under variations in point density, scale, and types of changes. The full dataset and evaluation code is openly available at: &lt;code&gt;https://github.com/3DOM-FBK/multichange3d&lt;/code&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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