ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Publications Copernicus

Volume XI-2-2026, 2026 – Keyword index

Volume XI-2-2026, 2026 – Keyword index

3

3D Building Modeling 3D Change Analysis 3D Digital Map 3D Foundation Models 3D Gaussian Splatting 3D Metric Survey 3D Object Detection 3D Point Clouds 3D Point-Clouds 3D Reconstruction 3D Vision Foundation Model 3D Vision Foundation Models (3D VFMs) 3D change detection 3D city model 3D modelling 3D point clouds 3D reconstruction

A

Aerial Imagery Aerial Large-Scale 3D Mapping Aerial LiDAR Aerial Search Imagery Aerial imagery Aerial photogrammetry Aerial-Ground Image Matching Aerosol Optical Thickness Agricultural robotics Agriculture Airborne LiDAR Airport Infrastructure AlphaEarth Foundations Area under the Margin Autonomous Driving Autonomous Guided Vehicle accuracy adjustment aerotriangulation alignment accuracy anatomy annotations as-built BIM augmented reality autonomous driving

B

Bathymetric Mapping Bathymetry Bounding Box Estimation Building Analysis Building Damage Assessment Building Facades Building Reconstruction Building Roof Reconstruction Building Segmentation Building Vectorization Building height estimation Building model Bundle Adjustment boundary representation bridge inspection building inventory

C

CAD benchmark dataset CAD reconstruction COLMAP Calibration Constraints Camera Calibration Change detection China City modeling CityGML Classification Classification of materials Cloud Topography Comparative Evaluation Composite Index Computer Vision Confident Learning Construction Sites Contour vector registration Convex Decomposition Correspondence matching Crack Detection Crop Classification Cross-Domain Generalization Cross-Sensor Domain Cross-View Geolocalization Cross-sensor Calibration Cross-sensor Generalization Cultural Heritage CutMix camera pose estimation central perspective change detection coastal management computational efficiency concrete damage currents

D

Data Fusion Data-centric Learning Deep Evidential Regression Deep Learning Deep learning Dense digital elevation models Depth Scaling Detection and Localization in 3D Developing Context Diachronic Matching Diffusion Models Diffusion models Digital Heritage Digital Surface Model (DSM) Digital Surface Modeling Digital Terrain Model Digitization Direct Georeferencing Disaster Response Domain Adaptation Drone Drone Imagery Drone Photogrammetry Dual-form architecture Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields Dynamic Occluders damage detection diffusion models digital elevation models domain-adaptive learning

E

Edge AI EfficientSAM Elliptic fourier descriptor Embedding Similarity End-to-end Evaluation Evidential Deep Learning electrical utilities environmental monitoring epipolar geometry exposed rebars

G

Gaussian Mixture Models Gaussian Splatting Gaussian Splatting Registration Generalization Generative Adversarial Network Geometric-Topological Fusion Geometrical Regularization Global Foundation Models Granularity Regularization Graph Convolution Network Gravity Alignment Ground control point generalization generic camera geometric constraints geometric guarantees geospatial embeddings glacier calving monitoring graph-based representation groynes

I

ISPRS Annals Illumination-aware Image LiDAR fusion Image Matching Image Processing Image Reconstruction Image Retrieval Image Segmentation Image Sequence Analysis Image orientation Industrial Surveying Infrared-visible image matching Instruction Tuning ice shelf dynamics image-based 3D reconstruction implicit neural representations indoor models industrial dataset infrastructure integration

K

Kernel-based Panoptic Segmentation Kinematic Laser Scanning Knowledge Distillation

L

LOD-2 Models LOD2.2 Label Noise Land Cover Classification Land Monitoring Landsat Laser scanners Laser scanning Learning-based Least Squares Adjustment LiDAR LiDAR Super-Resolution Lightweight Building Model Lightweight decoder Line Segment Detection Linear Attention LoD2 Building Reconstruction Local Feature Matching Local Foundation Models Local-to-global Loop Closure Low poly models levee line-segment detection location-based image generation

M

MLLM-based Attribute Extraction MVS Machine Learning Machine Vision Maritime Search and Rescue Mars Matching Mesh processing Metadata Metric-Diffusion Depth Models Mixed Integer Linear Programming Mobile Laser Scanning Mobile Mapping Systems Model Quantization Model quality assessment Monocular Depth Estimation Monoplotting Multi-Date Satellite Images Multi-Epoch Multi-Imagery (MEMI) processing Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Multi-Scale Consistency Multi-Sensor Fusion Multi-Task Learning Multi-View Stereo Multi-View Tracking Multi-modal Multi-scale Data Fusion Multi-scene evaluation Multi-view Stereo Multi-view stereo Multibeam Echosounder. LiDAR Multimodal Learning Multitemporal manifold constraints map projection model registration monocular depth estimation morphometric accuracy multimodal representations multitemporal point clouds

P

Panoptic Segmentation Panoramic Images Parametric Building Model Path planning Pavement Deterioration Permanent Laser Scanning Photogrammetric 3D reconstruction Photogrammetric Reconstruction Photogrammetry Photorealistic 3D reconstruction Physics-Inspired Deep Learning Point Cloud Point Cloud Data Point Clouds Point Measurement Point cloud Point cloud registration Pole-like Objects Pothole Pre-flight simulation Preface Prompt-based Segmentation photogrammetry planetary imagery plant organ morphology plant structural traits point cloud polygonal partitioning profiles pushbroom sensor

R

RGB-D Registration Radar Simulation Rail-borne Mobile Laser Scanning Railway Infrastructure Railway alignments Ray Tracing Ray tracing Real-Time Bundle Adjustment Refraction Correction Refractive Neural Radiance Fields Region Awareness Reliability Remote Sensing Reranking Restoration support Retention Retrieval Road Segmentation Road network vectorization Robot Positioning Robot-Camera-Calibration Robustness Roof Shape Detection Rotation patterns rapid acquisition reasoning remote sensing remote sensing detection

S

SDF SDK application SLAM SSW VMMS (Vehicle-Mounted Mobile Mapping System) Satellite 3D Reconstruction Satellite Image Time Series Satellite Imagery Satellite Images Satellite Photogrammetry Satellite embedding dataset Satellite photogrammetry Scan Planning Scanning Seasonality Segment Joint Segmentation and Geometric Model Evaluation Selective harvesting Self-Supervised Learning Semantic Fusion Semantic Segmentation Semantic reconstruction Semantic segmentation Semantic-Aware Descriptors Semantic–Geolocation Fusion Serialization Shadow Regularization Shape representation Shield Tunnel Simplification Simulation Single-Pass Inference Spatial Generalization Spatial Intersection SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog Spatiotemporal Specification State space model Stereo Matching Stereo satellite images Stereoscopic Measurement Structure from Motion Structure-from-Motion Structured State Space Models Super Resolution Super-Resolution Surface Reconstruction Surgery Synthetic Data Synthetic data generation semantic enrichment spatiotemporal reconstruction

T

Target Vessel Identification Technical Commission II (Photogrammetry) Temperature simulation Terrestrial Laser Scanning Textured 3D Models Textured Meshes Thermal Bridge Thermal Infrared images Tianwen-1 Time series Tokenization Topological Noise Filtering Track centerline extraction Trajectory Estimation Transformer Transformer Architecture Transformers Trinocular Camera System True Orthophoto terrain analysis terrestrial laser scanning tides tree crown synthesis

U

U-Net Model UAS UAV UAV Imagery UAV LiDAR point clouds UAV Photogrammetry Uncertainty Estimation Uncertainty Quantification Urban Digital Twin Urban Roads Urban Scene Understanding Urban digital twin Urban heat island

X

XXV ISPRS Congress 2026
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