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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-393-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Novel Approach for Data Fusion of SAR (EOS-4) and Optical Multispectral (Sentinel-2) Data</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chaubey</surname>
<given-names>Nidhi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Srivally M.V.</surname>
<given-names></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pandey</surname>
<given-names>Sumit</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rani B.</surname>
<given-names>Asha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mishra</surname>
<given-names>Neeraj</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Advanced Data Processing Research Institute (ADRIN), Department of Space, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-3-2026</volume>
<fpage>393</fpage>
<lpage>402</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Nidhi Chaubey et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/393/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-393-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/393/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-393-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/393/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-393-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/393/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-393-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Current Remote Sensing applications demand multi-source, multi-sensor data fusion. Multi-source, multi-sensor data fusion provides useful information integrated for quick and better interpretation, understanding and effective decision-making. Data fusion of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of Earth Observation Satellite-04 (EOS-04) and Optical Multispectral (MX) data of Sentinel-2 are current topic of interest in this paper. SAR and Optical MX which includes active and passive remote sensing technologies belong to different mechanisms of wave interaction due to widely separated and non-overlapping regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a novel approach to the re-implementation of Wavelet, Brovey, Fast Intensity Hue Saturation (FIHS), Frequency filtering, and Pure pixel data fusion methods is presented. The presented novel approach emphasises modulation-based fusion technique with proper normalization and scaling of both the input datasets. Fusion results of presented fusion methods are evaluated visually as well as quantitatively with quality metrics. The quality metrics demonstrate the ability of the presented novel approach to fuse optical spectral information into SAR data effectively to generate improved high-resolution SAR-coloured fused products.</p>
</abstract>
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</front>
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