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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-411-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Practical Implementation and Adaptation of Rainforest-Based Inter-calibration for ESCAT-ASCAT Scatterometer Data Records</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Harrison</surname>
<given-names>Clay</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0057-612X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hahn</surname>
<given-names>Sebastian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4855-6273</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lindorfer</surname>
<given-names>Roland</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-5764</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Melzer</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crapolicchio</surname>
<given-names>Raffaele</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-9186</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wagner</surname>
<given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-6857</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Serco Italia SpA - for European Space Agency, Rome, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-3-2026</volume>
<fpage>411</fpage>
<lpage>417</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Clay Harrison et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/411/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-411-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/411/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-411-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/411/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-411-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/411/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-411-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>C-band scatterometers have been collecting radar backscatter data since 1991, providing valuable long-term records for environmental monitoring applications such as soil moisture and vegetation dynamics. However, differences in sensor calibration between missions introduce biases that compromise the continuity of these data records. This paper presents the practical implementation and adaptation of Reimer&amp;rsquo;s (2014) rainforest-based inter-calibration approach for ESA&amp;rsquo;s ERS satellites (ESCAT) and Metop/ASCAT instruments. We implement the method as a modern, open-source Python framework and apply it to the newly complete ERS data record (including ERS-1 data not available in the original study). The resulting calibrated backscatter data record will enable improved long-term monitoring of land surface dynamics with reduced mission-to-mission variability in bias and slope response over incidence angle.</p>
</abstract>
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