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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-857-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Integrating Unsupervised Change Detection and Deep Learning Segmentation for Automated Landslide Mapping</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Agboola</surname>
<given-names>Gazali</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasehun</surname>
<given-names>Eden</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hashemi Beni</surname>
<given-names>Leila</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>College of Science and Technology, North Carolina A &amp; T State University, Greensboro, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>09</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-3-2026</volume>
<fpage>857</fpage>
<lpage>863</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Gazali Agboola et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/857/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-857-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/857/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-857-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/857/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-857-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-3-2026/857/2026/isprs-annals-XI-3-2026-857-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Rapid and accurate detection of landslides after extreme climate events, such as heavy rainfalls or hurricanes, is essential for hazard response and mitigation. Traditional mapping methods rely on manual interpretation or labelled datasets, limiting scalability. This paper presents an integrated workflow combining unsupervised autoencoder-based + KMeans change detection and deep learning semantic segmentation to improve landslide identification in Western North Carolina following Hurricane Helene (September 2024). The approach leverages Planetscope RGB-NIR imagery at 3 m spatial resolution and North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality post-event landslide inventory points. The unsupervised autoencoder extracts latent features and highlights change zones, while segmentation models such as UNet learn spatial&amp;ndash;contextual patterns from semi-automated labels. Results demonstrate high detection accuracy with segmentation models achieving strong overlap with ground-truth inventories and minimal false positives with an F1-score of 92%. This hybrid pipeline bridges rapid unsupervised detection and precise pixel-level segmentation, enabling scalable, near-real-time landslide mapping.</p>
</abstract>
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