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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-221-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cartography-oriented visual design of hydrodynamic ocean-physics datasets</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>Brad W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frey</surname>
<given-names>Steffen D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kehl</surname>
<given-names>Christian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Bernoulli Institute, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-4-2026</volume>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>230</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Brad W. Robertson et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/221/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-221-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/221/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-221-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/221/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-221-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/221/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-221-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Oceanographic data and their related simulations have a key role in addressing EU and UN societal challenges in marine environments. Visualising marine data is challenging for different visual-communication intents and audiences, despite existing guidelines on the subject. A main visual-design limitation for existing techniques is the co-visualisation of multiple hydrodynamic field attributes in an accessible, comprehensible and engaging manner. This paper addresses this limitation in two ways: firstly, existing techniques for cartographic-oriented design of waterlines are adopted and extended towards multivariate hydrodynamic field datasets. Secondly, experimental results on the intermixing of different visual-channel mappings for hydrodynamic attribute data are presented in a case study on ocean-flow patterns around the Hebrides island chain (United Kingdom). The results demonstrate a comprehensible simultaneous co-visualisation of up to five unique, independent scalar attributes within a single-figure layout while preserving the geographic context. Moreover, insights and best-practices are stated in conclusion of the experimental case study to help oceanographic practitioners adopt the presented technology in their professional workflows.</p>
</abstract>
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