<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-241-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>What Features of the Street Influence Visual Walkability? An Innovative Approach Using Cinematic Virtual Reality</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Chongan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Massuyeau</surname>
<given-names>Florian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tourre</surname>
<given-names>Vincent</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Leduc</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Servières</surname>
<given-names>Myriam</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-1590</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Nantes Université, ENSA Nantes, Ecole Centrale Nantes, CNRS, AAU-CRENAU, UMR 1563, F-44000 Nantes, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-4-2026</volume>
<fpage>241</fpage>
<lpage>250</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Chongan Wang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/241/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-241-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/241/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-241-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/241/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-241-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/241/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-241-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We present a new method for assessing visual walkability using 360&amp;deg; videos and an eye-tracking in Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR). Visual walkability refers to the walkability perceived by pedestrians through visual stimuli in the urban environment. Our method uses semantic segmentation, viewport exposure, gaze measures, and a custom walkability questionnaire, enabling comparison between scene content, participant&amp;rsquo;s viewport, and their gaze focus. The 10 videos used, including 2 calibration videos, exhibit distinct semantic characteristics, validated by segmentation analysis. Analysis of the 35 participants&amp;rsquo; responses shows that walkability ratings at the video level correlate with several environmental parameters (e.g., road, sidewalk, sky) consistent with previous studies. However, these parameters do not have a similar influence in gaze-based visual attention analysis within the CVR setting, suggesting that CVR attention would require further work. Furthermore, our results suggest that unexpected semantic classes may also play a role in perceived walkability and should be considered exploratory pending further validation. This paves the way for further research on using CVR as an assessment tool for visual walkability and for developing methodological guidance on which visual cues are robust across measures (content/viewport).</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="10"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>