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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-385-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Bridging Geometric Gaps between Digital Survey and BIM through Open-Source 3D Tiles - IFC Integration</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vouilloz</surname>
<given-names>Raphaël</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Percy</surname>
<given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Arellano Risopatron</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Sabrina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marin</surname>
<given-names>Philippe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fai</surname>
<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Université Grenoble-Alpes, ENSAG, MHA (Méthodes et Histoire de l’Architecture) - Grenoble, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Carleton University, CIMS (Carleton Immersive Media Studio) - Ottawa, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XI-4-2026</volume>
<fpage>385</fpage>
<lpage>392</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Raphaël Vouilloz et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-385-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-385-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-385-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XI-4-2026/385/2026/isprs-annals-XI-4-2026-385-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The adoption of innovative digital heritage workflows in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector faces significant challenges, particularly in integrating digital survey data with Building Information Modeling (BIM) into a unified model. This paper begins with a literature review that outlines the geometric and software-environment constraints complicating such integration and examines various proposed solutions, with particular attention to open-source tools and standard formats. Building on this foundation, the paper introduces an innovative two-stage method: (1) segmenting, classifying, and enriching digital survey data into a BIM model; and (2) developing a web viewer that hybridizes this BIM model with the original survey data. The proposed workflow relies exclusively on open-source tools and open standards, with Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) used as the native editing format. A seamless continuity is established between the Bonsai add-on for Blender, used as a BIM authoring environment, and the web library That Open Engine, which serves as a dissemination tool enabling interactive querying of BIM data within a web browser. This library shares a common dependency on Three.js with 3DTilesRendererJS, allowing the overlay of a tiled photomesh of the asset. This integration enables the combination of an accurate geometric and visual representation with structured metadata interaction within a unified web environment. Overall, the proposed approach provides a robust and flexible framework for supporting practical applications such as dissemination, documentation, and diagnostic studies of heritage assets.</p>
</abstract>
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