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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-301-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vinasco-Alvarez</surname>
<given-names>Diego</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Samuel</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chiron</surname>
<given-names>Pierre-Antoine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Servigne</surname>
<given-names>Sylvie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gesquière</surname>
<given-names>Gilles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>LIRIS, UMR 5205, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lumière Lyon 2, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>CPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>308</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Diego Vinasco-Alvarez et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/301/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-301-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/301/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-301-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/301/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-301-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/301/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-301-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Cities are documented by large and heterogeneous multimedia corpora, including photographs, maps, plans, reports, videos, and web resources. While versioned urban models have been studied for representing the temporal evolution of city objects, the documents describing these objects are still often treated as static attachments. This paper investigates how versioned cities and versioned documents can be modelled together by treating urban documentation as principal evolving entities connected to evolving urban features. We propose a CityRDF extension as an OWL ontology, interoperable with CityGML 3.0 that represents documents, their qualified links to urban objects, and their associated temporal semantics within the same framework. The key idea is to separate the identity of a document from the interpretative relation that connects it to the city model, making it possible to distinguish document history, depiction time, and city-object history while preserving the version history of urban objects. The proposed model treats documents as core urban elements and links diverse, versioned records to equally versioned cities across time and scale for heritage analysis and urban exploration.</p>
</abstract>
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