<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-325-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Yingwen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Oosterom</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Verbree</surname>
<given-names>Edward</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pottgiesser</surname>
<given-names>Uta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Peng</surname>
<given-names>Yuyang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Zhuoyue</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Architectural Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>333</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yingwen Yu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/325/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-325-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/325/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-325-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/325/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-325-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/325/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-325-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Architectural heritage is increasingly documented and managed through point clouds, photogrammetry, Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), Geographic information system (GIS), machine learning, and immersive media. Yet these technologies often remain fragmented, with weak continuity of identity, semantics, and spatial alignment across representations. This paper argues that heritage digitization should be reframed as a 3D smart-data integration problem rather than a sequence of isolated 3D representations. Building on recent analyses of digital heritage technologies and their multi-stage application trajectory, we propose the Architectural Heritage Information Infrastructure (AHII) as a standards-oriented framework that links Smart Point Clouds (SPC), IFC, and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) through persistent identifiers, a shared spatial reference, explicit crosswalks, and controlled vocabularies. In this architecture, SPC acts as the evidence layer and semantic proposal space, Heritage Building Information Modelling / Industry Foundation Classes (HBIM/IFC) provides authoritative object semantics and structured attributes, and 3DGS supports lightweight, queryable photorealistic visualization for expert review and public interaction. Two Dutch pilot cases illustrate how the framework can support cross-representation interoperability, semantic propagation, and audience-specific delivery while preserving traceability. The paper contributes a concise conceptual and operational model for smart heritage data, positions architectural heritage within broader information infrastructures, and outlines how building-scale heritage assets can become interoperable components of future smart-city information ecosystems.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>