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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-73-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chauhan</surname>
<given-names>Inshu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abrol</surname>
<given-names>Druhin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seppänen</surname>
<given-names>Olli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Nava Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Inshu Chauhan et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-73-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-73-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-73-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W1-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W1-2026-73-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Accurate semantic segmentation of as-built point clouds is foundational for Digital Twin Construction, yet training deep learning models is constrained by data scarcity in the AEC sector. This study presents a method to create semantically labeled synthetic point clouds from IFC models, and employs geometric augmentation to bridge the domain shift to real-world LiDAR data. We developed an automated pipeline to generate semantically labeled synthetic point clouds directly from IFC models, and conducted a systematic hyperparameter search, testing the impact of point-level Gaussian noise (Jitter Standard Deviation) and maximum displacement (Clipping Range) on the Oneformer3D model&amp;rsquo;s ability to segment complex Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) components. Our results demonstrate that this augmentation approach significantly enhances segmentation performance compared to baseline model, particularly in real-world environments. The optimal configuration achieved a synthetic mIoU of 67.31% (up from 62.52%) and a real-world mIoU of 32.75% (improving significantly upon the 14.66% baseline). These results confirm that balancing high noise variance (for domain generalization) with strict displacement control (to retain feature integrity) is key to successful synthetic-to-real domain transfer. This approach offers a scalable alternative for generating the necessary training data for automated geometric Digital Twin realization.</p>
</abstract>
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