2

2D RGB Image Processing

• Scale-Invariant Object Contour Points (SIOCP): Integrating Instance Segmentation, Computer Vision and Geometric Refinement for Exact Contour and Keypoint Extraction of Façade Elements from Urban Images, pages 121–128

2D-to-3D distillation

• Memory-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding via Quantized Multi-View Features, pages 9–16

3

3D

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

3D Building Reconstruction

• Robust and Detailed 3D Building Model Generation from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds via Piecewise Affine-Linear Mumford-Shah Segmentation, pages 285–292

3D CSDM

• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177

3D City Model Enrichment

• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

3D GIS

• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)

• Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics, pages 325–333

3D Ray Casting

• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

3D cadastre

• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177
• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

3D challenges

• The Way Forwards for 3D Mapping at National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies, pages 105–112

3D city model

• Design Space for Visualizing Multimedia Documents in Spatio-Temporal-Thematic Urban Context, pages 179–186
• A conceptual framework of 3D urban evacuation simulation under flooding: Integrating urban digital twins with agent-based modelling, pages 309–316

3D city models

• PostGIS-Unity integration for scalable 2D/3D geospatial visualisation and querying, pages 17–24
• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32
• The Way Forwards for 3D Mapping at National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies, pages 105–112
• A proposed framework for generating plausible cities, pages 277–284

3D evacuation simulation

• A conceptual framework of 3D urban evacuation simulation under flooding: Integrating urban digital twins with agent-based modelling, pages 309–316

3D modeling

• Towards Formalizing Scenario Modeling in Semantic 3D City Models, pages 129–136

3D scene understanding

• Memory-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding via Quantized Multi-View Features, pages 9–16

3D-GIS

• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48

3DCityDB

• Enabling AI Agents for Semantic 3D City Models through Automated Domain Context Generation, pages 211–218

4

4D

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

4D Streaming

• Representation of CityGML 3.0 Dynamizers in Web Streaming Formats for 4D Urban Digital Twins, pages 161–168

6

6DoF Pose Estimation

• Scale-Invariant Object Contour Points (SIOCP): Integrating Instance Segmentation, Computer Vision and Geometric Refinement for Exact Contour and Keypoint Extraction of Façade Elements from Urban Images, pages 121–128

A

AECOO

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Aerial Laser Scanning

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40

Airborne Laser Scanning

• Robust and Detailed 3D Building Model Generation from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds via Piecewise Affine-Linear Mumford-Shah Segmentation, pages 285–292

Airborne LiDAR

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

Architectural heritage

• Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics, pages 325–333

Asset Management

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

B

BIM

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8
• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80
• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120
• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160
• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

BIM submission validation

• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

Building Solar Radiation

• Citywide Assessment of Urban Tree Shading on Roof and Facade Solar Radiation Using Semantic 3D City Models, pages 243–250

building mesh quality index

• Closing the Loop: Perceptually-Guided Iterative Generation of LoD2.0 3D Building Meshes for Building Digital Cousin development, pages 227–234

building reconstructions

• Closing the Loop: Perceptually-Guided Iterative Generation of LoD2.0 3D Building Meshes for Building Digital Cousin development, pages 227–234

C

CityGML

• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32
• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48
• Enabling AI Agents for Semantic 3D City Models through Automated Domain Context Generation, pages 211–218
• CityLLM: A framework for natural-language querying of semantic 3D city models, pages 219–226
• Bridging Observed and Modeled Cities: Multi-Band Consensus Footprints for MLS-to-CityGML Registration in Urban Environments, pages 259–266

CityGML 3.0

• End-to-End Pothole Detection and Semantic 3D City Model Enrichment Using LoRA-Adapted Foundation Models and Open Street-Level Imagery, pages 267–275

CityGML 3.0 Dynamizers

• Representation of CityGML 3.0 Dynamizers in Web Streaming Formats for 4D Urban Digital Twins, pages 161–168

CityJSON

• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32
• CityLLM: A framework for natural-language querying of semantic 3D city models, pages 219–226

Coarse-to-Fine

• Bridging Observed and Modeled Cities: Multi-Band Consensus Footprints for MLS-to-CityGML Registration in Urban Environments, pages 259–266

Cognitive Load

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Construction

• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80

Conversational Framework

• CityLLM: A framework for natural-language querying of semantic 3D city models, pages 219–226

Cross-database Querying

• CityLLM: A framework for natural-language querying of semantic 3D city models, pages 219–226

cadastral admissibility

• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

cloud-native geospatial

• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32

compatibility assessment

• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177

cultural heritage documentation

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

D

Data

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Design-driven visualization

• Design Space for Visualizing Multimedia Documents in Spatio-Temporal-Thematic Urban Context, pages 179–186

Digital Twin

• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80
• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258
• Assessing and fixing LOD2 building models for Urban Energy Digital Twin, pages 293–300

data co-registration

• Initial Bounding of Partial Optimal Transport for Point Cloud Co-Registration, pages 65–72

digital twin

• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160

digital twins

• PostGIS-Unity integration for scalable 2D/3D geospatial visualisation and querying, pages 17–24

E

Electric Mobility

• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48

Energy Forecasting

• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258

Energy Simulations

• Assessing and fixing LOD2 building models for Urban Energy Digital Twin, pages 293–300

Episode-Based Highlighting

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Evacuation modelling

• A conceptual framework of 3D urban evacuation simulation under flooding: Integrating urban digital twins with agent-based modelling, pages 309–316

evidence-based urban planning

• Towards Formalizing Scenario Modeling in Semantic 3D City Models, pages 129–136

F

Field Inventory

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

Fire Spread Visualization

• An Exploratory Study of Transformer-Based Generative AI Surrogate Modeling for 3D Wildfire Spread Simulation in Voxelized City, pages 317–324

façade openings

• SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Façade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models, pages 203–210

feature quantization

• Memory-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding via Quantized Multi-View Features, pages 9–16

flood

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40

foundation models

• Memory-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding via Quantized Multi-View Features, pages 9–16

G

GIS

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

GTFS

• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48

Gaussian Splatting

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Generative AI

• An Exploratory Study of Transformer-Based Generative AI Surrogate Modeling for 3D Wildfire Spread Simulation in Voxelized City, pages 317–324

Geo Spatial Analysis

• Spatially Constrained Clustering Framework for Urban Heat Risk Zone Identification, pages 343–350

Geo-Localization

• MapAnything: Evaluating Monocular Metric Depth Models for 3D Urban Asset Localization, pages 57–64

GeoSPARQL

• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177

Geospatial

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Geospatial Data Analysis

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Geovisualization

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Graph-based repair

• Assessing and fixing LOD2 building models for Urban Energy Digital Twin, pages 293–300

Ground point filtering

• A Point Cloud Filtering Method for Reservoir Bank Slopes Integrating Scene Classification and Ridge Detection, pages 97–104

generative AI

• Closing the Loop: Perceptually-Guided Iterative Generation of LoD2.0 3D Building Meshes for Building Digital Cousin development, pages 227–234

H

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM)

• Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics, pages 325–333

Hough Transform

• Wireframe Extraction of Urban Linear Objects from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds, pages 145–152

hazards

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40

historical urban studies

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

I

IDS

• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

IFC

• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160
• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177
• Towards Submission-Stage Validation in BIM-to-Cadastre Workflows: Assessing IDS 1.0 for 3D Condominium Registration in Morocco, pages 235–242

IfcOpenShell

• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160

Image Instance Segmentation

• Scale-Invariant Object Contour Points (SIOCP): Integrating Instance Segmentation, Computer Vision and Geometric Refinement for Exact Contour and Keypoint Extraction of Façade Elements from Urban Images, pages 121–128

Indoor Wayfinding

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Information Management

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Infrastructure

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Instance segmentation

• Roof Structure Extraction from Remote Sensing Images, pages 81–88

Integration

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

Interactive Visualization

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Invariant Feature Extraction

• Scale-Invariant Object Contour Points (SIOCP): Integrating Instance Segmentation, Computer Vision and Geometric Refinement for Exact Contour and Keypoint Extraction of Façade Elements from Urban Images, pages 121–128

IoT Sensors

• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258

Iterative prototyping

• Design Space for Visualizing Multimedia Documents in Spatio-Temporal-Thematic Urban Context, pages 179–186

interactive application

• Exploring Point Cloud Interaction and AI Features for Sewer System 3D-Scans, pages 49–55

L

LLMs

• PostGIS-Unity integration for scalable 2D/3D geospatial visualisation and querying, pages 17–24

LOD2

• Assessing and fixing LOD2 building models for Urban Energy Digital Twin, pages 293–300

Large Language Model

• CityLLM: A framework for natural-language querying of semantic 3D city models, pages 219–226

Large Language Model (LLM)

• Exploring Point Cloud Interaction and AI Features for Sewer System 3D-Scans, pages 49–55

Large Language Models (LLM)

• Enabling AI Agents for Semantic 3D City Models through Automated Domain Context Generation, pages 211–218

Level of detail

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

LiDAR and CityJSON

• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

LiDAR point cloud

• A Point Cloud Filtering Method for Reservoir Bank Slopes Integrating Scene Classification and Ridge Detection, pages 97–104

LoD3

• Scale-Invariant Object Contour Points (SIOCP): Integrating Instance Segmentation, Computer Vision and Geometric Refinement for Exact Contour and Keypoint Extraction of Façade Elements from Urban Images, pages 121–128
• Robust and Detailed 3D Building Model Generation from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds via Piecewise Affine-Linear Mumford-Shah Segmentation, pages 285–292

LoD3 reconstruction

• SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Façade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models, pages 203–210

Low-Rank Adaptation

• End-to-End Pothole Detection and Semantic 3D City Model Enrichment Using LoRA-Adapted Foundation Models and Open Street-Level Imagery, pages 267–275

large language models

• SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Façade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models, pages 203–210

large-scale point clouds

• Memory-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding via Quantized Multi-View Features, pages 9–16

M

Machine Learning

• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258
• Spatially Constrained Clustering Framework for Urban Heat Risk Zone Identification, pages 343–350

Markov Random Field

• Roof Structure Extraction from Remote Sensing Images, pages 81–88

Model Context Protocol (MCP)

• Enabling AI Agents for Semantic 3D City Models through Automated Domain Context Generation, pages 211–218

Multi-band Consensus

• Bridging Observed and Modeled Cities: Multi-Band Consensus Footprints for MLS-to-CityGML Registration in Urban Environments, pages 259–266

Multi-source

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

Multidimensional Visualization

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Multimedia documents

• Design Space for Visualizing Multimedia Documents in Spatio-Temporal-Thematic Urban Context, pages 179–186

Mumford-Shah Segmentation

• Robust and Detailed 3D Building Model Generation from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds via Piecewise Affine-Linear Mumford-Shah Segmentation, pages 285–292

mesh extraction

• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160

metadata

• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32

multimedia corpora

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

N

NMCA

• The Way Forwards for 3D Mapping at National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies, pages 105–112

National Mapping and Cadastral Authorities

• The Way Forwards for 3D Mapping at National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies, pages 105–112

Nature-based Solutions

• Citywide Assessment of Urban Tree Shading on Roof and Facade Solar Radiation Using Semantic 3D City Models, pages 243–250

noise reduction

• Initial Bounding of Partial Optimal Transport for Point Cloud Co-Registration, pages 65–72

O

OGC 3D Tiles

• Representation of CityGML 3.0 Dynamizers in Web Streaming Formats for 4D Urban Digital Twins, pages 161–168

Object Detection

• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

Open Dataset

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

Open geospatial data

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

open-source

• A proposed framework for generating plausible cities, pages 277–284

P

Point Cloud

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8

Point Cloud Processing

• Wireframe Extraction of Urban Linear Objects from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds, pages 145–152

Point Cloud Registration

• Bridging Observed and Modeled Cities: Multi-Band Consensus Footprints for MLS-to-CityGML Registration in Urban Environments, pages 259–266

Point-Based Networks

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8

Polygon labeling

• Roof Structure Extraction from Remote Sensing Images, pages 81–88

PostGIS

• PostGIS-Unity integration for scalable 2D/3D geospatial visualisation and querying, pages 17–24

Pothole Detection

• End-to-End Pothole Detection and Semantic 3D City Model Enrichment Using LoRA-Adapted Foundation Models and Open Street-Level Imagery, pages 267–275

partial optimal transport

• Initial Bounding of Partial Optimal Transport for Point Cloud Co-Registration, pages 65–72

point cloud

• Extraction of Interior and Exterior IFC Building Surfaces by Visibility-Based Mapping for Point-Cloud-to-BIM Comparison, pages 153–160

point cloud viewer

• Exploring Point Cloud Interaction and AI Features for Sewer System 3D-Scans, pages 49–55

point clouds

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40
• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80

procedural city generation

• A proposed framework for generating plausible cities, pages 277–284

Q

Qualitative Research

• Understanding the Owner/Operator Perspective on Location-enabled Digital Twins for Operation & Maintenance in Transportation Infrastructure, pages 113–120

R

RANSAC

• Wireframe Extraction of Urban Linear Objects from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds, pages 145–152

Raster-based Alignment

• Bridging Observed and Modeled Cities: Multi-Band Consensus Footprints for MLS-to-CityGML Registration in Urban Environments, pages 259–266

Region Growing

• Wireframe Extraction of Urban Linear Objects from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds, pages 145–152

Remote sensing imagery

• Roof Structure Extraction from Remote Sensing Images, pages 81–88

Reservoir bank slope

• A Point Cloud Filtering Method for Reservoir Bank Slopes Integrating Scene Classification and Ridge Detection, pages 97–104

Resilient city

• A conceptual framework of 3D urban evacuation simulation under flooding: Integrating urban digital twins with agent-based modelling, pages 309–316

Ridge detection

• A Point Cloud Filtering Method for Reservoir Bank Slopes Integrating Scene Classification and Ridge Detection, pages 97–104

Road Infrastructure Assets

• MapAnything: Evaluating Monocular Metric Depth Models for 3D Urban Asset Localization, pages 57–64

Roof Topology

• Robust and Detailed 3D Building Model Generation from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds via Piecewise Affine-Linear Mumford-Shah Segmentation, pages 285–292

Roof structure extraction

• Roof Structure Extraction from Remote Sensing Images, pages 81–88

S

SAM 3

• End-to-End Pothole Detection and Semantic 3D City Model Enrichment Using LoRA-Adapted Foundation Models and Open Street-Level Imagery, pages 267–275

STAC

• A STAC Extension for discovering and cataloguing 3D city models, pages 25–32

Scan-to-BIM

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8

Scene classification

• A Point Cloud Filtering Method for Reservoir Bank Slopes Integrating Scene Classification and Ridge Detection, pages 97–104

Semantic 3D City Model

• End-to-End Pothole Detection and Semantic 3D City Model Enrichment Using LoRA-Adapted Foundation Models and Open Street-Level Imagery, pages 267–275

Semantic 3D City Models

• Enabling AI Agents for Semantic 3D City Models through Automated Domain Context Generation, pages 211–218
• Citywide Assessment of Urban Tree Shading on Roof and Facade Solar Radiation Using Semantic 3D City Models, pages 243–250

Semantic Segmentation

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8
• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80
• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

Smart Buildings

• A Sensor-to-API Data Infrastructure for Building Digital Twins: Harmonizing Multi-Rate IoT Energy and Indoor Data Streams for Proactive Analytics, pages 251–258

Smart Point Cloud (SPC)

• Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics, pages 325–333

Smart cities

• Assessing and fixing LOD2 building models for Urban Energy Digital Twin, pages 293–300

Smart data

• Towards a smart heritage information infrastructure: integrating multiple geometric representations and sharing semantics, pages 325–333

Spatial Analysis

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Spatial Constrained Clustering

• Spatially Constrained Clustering Framework for Urban Heat Risk Zone Identification, pages 343–350

Spatio-temporal-thematic structuring

• Design Space for Visualizing Multimedia Documents in Spatio-Temporal-Thematic Urban Context, pages 179–186

Street-View Imagery

• MapAnything: Evaluating Monocular Metric Depth Models for 3D Urban Asset Localization, pages 57–64

Structural Model

• A Comparative Analysis of Four Semantic Segmentation Models for Classification of Building Structural Elements in Highly Occluded Environments, pages 1–8

Sunlight exposure

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

Surrogate Modeling

• An Exploratory Study of Transformer-Based Generative AI Surrogate Modeling for 3D Wildfire Spread Simulation in Voxelized City, pages 317–324

scenario modeling

• Towards Formalizing Scenario Modeling in Semantic 3D City Models, pages 129–136

semantic 3D city models

• Towards Formalizing Scenario Modeling in Semantic 3D City Models, pages 129–136
• SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Façade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models, pages 203–210

semantic interoperability

• Representing and Querying 3D Cadastral Data Using GeoSPARQL: Compatibilities and Gaps in Australia, pages 169–177

sewer systems

• Exploring Point Cloud Interaction and AI Features for Sewer System 3D-Scans, pages 49–55

subset selection

• Initial Bounding of Partial Optimal Transport for Point Cloud Co-Registration, pages 65–72

T

Transitional Spaces

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Tree Shading

• Citywide Assessment of Urban Tree Shading on Roof and Facade Solar Radiation Using Semantic 3D City Models, pages 243–250

Tree species classification

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

temporal evolution

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

typology

• A proposed framework for generating plausible cities, pages 277–284

U

Unity

• PostGIS-Unity integration for scalable 2D/3D geospatial visualisation and querying, pages 17–24

Urban Data Integration

• Data-Aware 3D Model Enrichment: A Multimodal Pipeline Combining LiDAR Point Clouds and Geotagged Imagery, pages 187–194

Urban Digital Twins

• MapAnything: Evaluating Monocular Metric Depth Models for 3D Urban Asset Localization, pages 57–64
• Towards Formalizing Scenario Modeling in Semantic 3D City Models, pages 129–136
• Representation of CityGML 3.0 Dynamizers in Web Streaming Formats for 4D Urban Digital Twins, pages 161–168

Urban Shadowing

• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48

Urban Trees

• Citywide Assessment of Urban Tree Shading on Roof and Facade Solar Radiation Using Semantic 3D City Models, pages 243–250

Urban disaster prevention

• A conceptual framework of 3D urban evacuation simulation under flooding: Integrating urban digital twins with agent-based modelling, pages 309–316

Urban morphology

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

Urban trees

• A Multisource Framework for Reliable Open Urban Tree Species Dataset from Airborne LiDAR and Field Inventory Data, pages 195–201

urban analysis

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

urban digital cousins

• Closing the Loop: Perceptually-Guided Iterative Generation of LoD2.0 3D Building Meshes for Building Digital Cousin development, pages 227–234

urban documentation

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

urban environment

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40

urban morphology

• A proposed framework for generating plausible cities, pages 277–284

V

Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics

• Dynamic 3D Solar Irradiation Modelling for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. High-Resolution Route-Based Assessment of Electric Bus Fleets Using CityGML and Distributed PostGIS Processing, pages 41–48

Versioned cities

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

View index

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

Virtual Laser Scanning

• Enhancing semantic segmentation of construction scenes using IFC-derived synthetic point clouds for geometric Digital Twins, pages 73–80

Visual Analytics

• Exploring Multivariate Geospatial Data Through Interactive Feature-Space Mapping and Visualization, pages 89–96

Voxel

• Open Urban Simulations All the Way: Extending VoxCity to CityGML and Project PLATEAU, pages 137–144

Voxel Simulation

• An Exploratory Study of Transformer-Based Generative AI Surrogate Modeling for 3D Wildfire Spread Simulation in Voxelized City, pages 317–324

Voxels

• An Exploratory Study of Transformer-Based Generative AI Surrogate Modeling for 3D Wildfire Spread Simulation in Voxelized City, pages 317–324

versioned documents

• From Versioned Cities to Versioned Documents: Extending CityRDF for Modelling Urban Documentation over Time, pages 301–308

vision foundation models

• SVI2LoD3: Agent-Driven Reconstruction of LoD3 Façade Openings in Semantic 3D City Models from Volunteered Street View Imagery using Large Language and Visual Models, pages 203–210

visualization

• Exploring Point Cloud Interaction and AI Features for Sewer System 3D-Scans, pages 49–55

W

Weather Research and Forecasting Model

• Spatially Constrained Clustering Framework for Urban Heat Risk Zone Identification, pages 343–350

Web-Based 3D Geoinformation

• Episode-Based Highlighting of Transitional Spaces in Gaussian Splatting for Indoor Wayfinding, pages 335–342

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

• Spatially Constrained Clustering Framework for Urban Heat Risk Zone Identification, pages 343–350

Wireframe Extraction

• Wireframe Extraction of Urban Linear Objects from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds, pages 145–152

water management

• Direct 3D extreme rainfall risk mapping from urban aerial LiDAR point clouds, pages 33–40