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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-121-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A GIS-Based Methodology for Multi-Pollutant Analysis of Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Data with Spatial Intersection Masking</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lipiyska</surname>
<given-names>Yana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yordanov</surname>
<given-names>Adrian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Atanasova-Evdenova</surname>
<given-names>Tsvetelina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Najdenov</surname>
<given-names>Nikolay</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Photogrammetry and Cartography, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W2-2026</volume>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>128</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yana Lipiyska et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/121/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-121-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/121/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-121-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/121/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-121-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/121/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-121-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban air quality monitoring using satellite remote sensing requires consistent, spatially comparable datasets across multiple pollutants. This paper presents an end-to-end, open-source GIS-based methodology for processing Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Level-2 products to generate synchronized multi-pollutant datasets suitable for urban-scale analysis. The workflow integrates automated data acquisition via the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem OData API, quality-controlled preprocessing using the HARP toolbox and a QGIS-based spatial analysis pipeline developed in Python. The main methodological contribution is а spatial intersections masking approach, in which a daily mask of valid pixels is calculated as a logical intersection of valid observations for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). This ensures that all statistical comparisons between pollutants are derived from spatially coinciding sets of pixels, thereby eliminating location-based sampling biases arising from differences in swath geometry, cloud cover, and gas-specific retrieval sensitivity. The methodology was applied to four consecutive winter seasons (2019&amp;ndash;2023) over Sofia, Bulgaria, a city with significant air pollution driven by residential solid-fuel combustion. The resulting synchronized daily database enables temporal trend analysis (Mann-Kendall test), inter-pollutant correlation assessment, and pollution hotspot identification. The workflow relies entirely on open-source software (QGIS, GDAL/OGR, NumPy, HARP) and is designed to be easily adaptable to any urban area and any combination of TROPOMI gas products with minimal parameter adjustments.</p>
</abstract>
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