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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-17-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Digital Twin to Improve the Sustainability of Neighbourhood Scenario Planning</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Athid</surname>
<given-names>Rakibun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Koeva</surname>
<given-names>Mila</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nourian</surname>
<given-names>Pirouz</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-7931</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krämer</surname>
<given-names>Ulla-Britt</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Province of Overijssel, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W2-2026</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Rakibun Athid et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/17/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-17-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/17/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-17-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/17/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-17-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/17/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-17-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Neighbourhood sustainability planning needs tools that integrate heterogeneous urban datasets, expose modelling assumptions, and allow transparent comparison of intervention strategies across domains. Therefore, this paper presents a neighbourhood-scale urban digital twin (UDT) prototype for Twekkelerveld, Enschede, combining energy and ecological indicators in a single interactive environment. The co-developed prototype links building-level energy demand, rooftop photovoltaic potential, vegetation and tree-based ecosystem indicators, and satellite-derived urban heat information within a shared GIS-based workflow. Its main contribution is a reproducible integration pipeline that harmonises geospatial, statistical, ecological, and remote-sensing data through explicit, editable scenario-response functions. Technical validation confirmed consistent scenario behaviour. Regression-based explanatory analysis of 800 Monte Carlo runs showed that PV economic outcomes depend mainly on PV unit cost and yield assumptions, while tree annualised cost is driven by intervention cost, discounting, and time horizon. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) rankings stayed highly stable under 20% weight variation (median Spearman&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;&amp;rho;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;asymp; 0.998), and stakeholder feedback confirmed practical usefulness for neighbourhood planning. The results show that neighbourhood-scale digital twins can support urban informatics and smart-city decision-making by making trade-offs among retrofitting, photovoltaics, greening, heat mitigation, and spatial equity visible in practice.</p>
</abstract>
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