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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Annals</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9050</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-73-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>LLM-AQRA: Leveraging LLMs for Efficient Urban Air Quality Research</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>Shanshan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Waheed</surname>
<given-names>Hanan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Petrova-Antonova</surname>
<given-names>Dessislava</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-8877</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Roman</surname>
<given-names>Dumitru</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>SINTEF AS, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>GATE Institute, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XII-4/W2-2026</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Shanshan Jiang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-73-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-73-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-73-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/XII-4-W2-2026/73/2026/isprs-annals-XII-4-W2-2026-73-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban air quality research increasingly relies on integrating heterogeneous data from sources such as monitoring stations, satellite imagery, community sensors, built-environment datasets, and meteorological forecasts. However, researchers often face challenges in discovering, understanding, and integrating these datasets due to inconsistent metadata, mismatched spatial and temporal resolutions, diverse formats, and varying semantics. Moreover, effective use of air quality analytical models typically requires specialized expertise to interpret model requirements and identify suitable input datasets, leading to labor-intensive, inefficient workflows. This paper introduces LLM-AQRA, a prototype Large Language Model (LLM)-driven Air Quality Research Assistant designed to streamline these processes by automatically generating standard-compliant metadata, extracting model requirements, assessing dataset-model compatibility, and supporting map-based exploration of heterogeneous datasets. Initial user feedback indicates that LLM-AQRA is perceived as useful for dataset understanding and has the potential to reduce manual effort in analytical workflows. Future work will focus on retrieval augmented generation, ontology-guided constraints, expanded domain support, and broader user evaluations to improve reliability and applicability for real-world environmental analysis.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
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