Embankment Breach Simulation and Inundation Mapping Leveraging High-Performance Computing for Enhanced Flood Risk Prediction and Assessment

Simulations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM_2.5) with WRF-Chem model with three different aerosol mechanisms coupled with gas-phase chemical schemes are compared to understand the spatial and temporal variability of PM_2.5 over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in the winter season. All three chemical schemes underestimate the observed concentrations of major aerosol composition and precursor gases over IGP which in turn affect the optical depth and overall performance of the model for PM_2.5.