Integrating 3D Digital Technologies for the Preservation of Traditional Carving Craftsmanship: A Case Study on Han-style Palanquin Construction

Abstract. This study focuses on documenting and preserving the traditional craftsmanship of palanquin-making within Han Chinese culture in East Asia. It aims to employ digital preservation technologies to construct a systematic and comprehensive body of knowledge, thereby reducing the risk of losing traditional craftsmanship and fostering its intergenerational transmission. As a symbolic and functional artifact in folk religious practices, the palanquin embodies rich traditional aesthetics while bearing profound historical, cultural, and religious significance. The craftsmanship often centers on mortise-and-tenon joints, achieving structural stability without relying on standardized modern industrial techniques. Among these, certain concealed mortise-and-tenon designs are seamlessly integrated into the structure, achieving an “invisible interlocking” effect that showcases exceptional skill. Additionally, the production process deviates from modern linear assembly logic, instead following a non-linear workflow characterized by “decoration-first, structure-later,” reflecting artisans’ unique understanding of the balance between aesthetics and structure. This study employs digital technologies to document and reconstruct the palanquin-making process, transforming traditional techniques into digitally accessible and operable visual resources. An integrated digital database with both educational and exhibition functions is further developed to systematically present the comprehensive scope of palanquin craftsmanship. This craftsmanship embodies dual cultural attributes, encompassing tangible cultural heritage—such as the physical structure of the palanquin and its carving techniques—and intangible cultural heritage—such as traditional procedures, artisans’ experiences, and orally transmitted technical knowledge. The database provides a valuable resource for craft education, cultural promotion, and academic research, addressing contemporary challenges such as the loss of traditional skills and transmission discontinuities. It thereby establishes a solid foundation for the sustainable development of traditional Han craftsmanship.