Drought Identification and Prediction from GNSS Time Series Using SSA and Hybrid CNN-Transformer

In this paper, we evaluated different types of satellite radar information to locate flooded areas on sea ice. We found that changes between images over time were the most effective for identifying flooded areas, while other measurements provided information about how flooding evolves, including refreezing processes. We tested these results at a broader scale and confirmed that they can support regional monitoring. These results provide information that can support safer travel on the ice.

Ice-jam flooding poses a significant risk in cold regions, particularly for vulnerable communities. This study maps river sections most prone to ice jams based on their physical characteristics. The findings offer a practical tool for improving flood preparedness and risk management by helping decision-makers prioritize high-risk areas, especially as climate change increases the frequency of extreme winter conditions.