UAV-Based Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting and Clean Water Management on a Small Island in Indonesia

Abstract. This study investigates the utilization of rainwater harvesting systems and their effectiveness in meeting domestic and educational water needs on Bonetambung Island. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through questionnaires and spatial analysis of high-resolution imagery obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and processed via ArcGIS software. The findings reveal that 90% of the local population relies on boreholes and bottled water, while only 10% utilize rainwater harvesting, indicating a limited understanding of sustainable water management practices. Rainfall data analysis demonstrates a significant potential for rainwater collection, particularly in December, with an estimated collection capacity of 518,796 L for domestic use. However, a monthly deficit of 807,613 L indicates that rainwater alone cannot fully meet community needs. Additionally, educational facilities face similar challenges in water availability. The results highlight the need for improved water management strategies and the integration of rainwater harvesting systems to enhance water resilience for domestic and educational needs on Bonetambung Island.