Comparative Analysis of Ultra-Wideband and Mobile Laser Scanning Systems for Mapping Forest Trees under A Forest Canopy

We present field measurements collected during the FINNARP 2022 expedition at the Aboa station, located in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Field observations were carried out weekly at the automatic weather station site as well as at selected overpass locations of two satellites. The measurements included continuous meteorological observations from the weather station, detailed snow pit profiles, ground-based and drone-based radiation measurements, and snow surface roughness with laser scanners.

This study investigates enigmatic ring forms found on Axel Heiberg Island (Umingmat Nunaat) in Nunavut, Canada. These ring forms comprised a series of ridges and troughs creating individual rings or brain-like patterns. We aim to identify how they form and assess the past climate conditions necessary for their formation. We use surface and subsurface observations and comparisons to other periglacial and glacial ring forms to infer a formation mechanism and propose a glacial origin. 

The primary goal of this paper is to present a model of snow surface albedo (brightness) accounting for small-scale surface roughness effects. It can be combined with any volume scattering model. The results indicate that surface roughness may decrease the albedo by about 1–3 % in midwinter and even more than 10 % during the late melting season. The effect is largest for low solar zenith angle values and lower bulk snow albedo values.