3D Documentation for Large Scale Monuments - The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy (2010–2025)

Abstract. Analysis of point cloud data has been pivotal in advancing 3D scanning for heritage documentation. The Roman Forum project, initiated in 2010, exemplifies this evolution. Multiple expeditions amassed dense point cloud data that underwent rigorous processing comprising noise reduction, precise alignment, and the extraction of essential geometric features to produce a unified, fully rotatable 3D model. This digital reconstruction not only captures the intricate details of the Roman Forum monuments with high fidelity but also enables deliverables such as detailed terrain sections spanning nearly 800 meters, offering a refreshed analytical perspective on this ancient site.