ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Publications Copernicus

Volume X-4/W8-2025, 2026 – Keyword index

Volume X-4/W8-2025, 2026 – Keyword index

A

ALOS-2 ASTER Abu Dhabi Adaptive Context Fusion Aerial Imagery Agriculture Air Pollution Forecasting Air Pollution Mapping Air Traffic simulation Air pollution Air quality Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Anisotropic Turbulence Anomaly Detection Anzali Free Zone Organization Arabian Sea Artificial Intelligence Artificial Neural Networks Atmospheric Corrections AutoGluon absolute accuracy adaptive boosting air pollution and land-use transition

C

CA-Markov CNN CONVLSTM CVRPTW CYGNSS Cadastral Mapping Canopy Capacitated Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem Caspian Sea Centralization Change Detection Change Modeling Change detection Check Points Checklist for Spatial Data Fusion in GIS Chemometric Techniques China Citizen Engagement Classification and Regression Tree Climatical Data Cloud-snow masking Cluster analysis Clustering Coastal Regions Collective Intelligence Computational Fluid Dynamics Conceptual Model Confidence level Corn Crises Management Cross-Border Development Cross-Regional Spectral Transfer Crowd Simulation Crowdsourcing data Crustal magnetic fields Cryosphere Monitoring Cyber-Physical Superminds categorical boosting change point detection (CPD) classification convolutional neural networks corner detection correlation-based method curvature

D

DPM DSM Data Selection and Preparation Daymet Debt Management Decentralized Platform Decision tree Decision-Making Decision-making Decline Deep Learning Deep Multi-View Fusion Deep features Deep learning Deep neural networks Dempster-Shafer evidence theory Depth estimation Digital Elevation Model Digital Twin Disaster Management Disaster management District Heating Drone Drone-based mapping Dynamic Air Traffic Corridors dNBR deep learning displacement monitoring drones dual attention network

E

ESTARFM ETL Process EUHFORIA Early Warning System Earthquake Earthquake hazard Earthquake prediction East Azerbaijan Province Edge Computing Emergency shelter allocation Ensemble Methods Enterprise GIS Environmental Monitoring Environmental costs Evaluation Framework Explainable AI (XAI) extreme gradient boosting

F

FOSS Fire Flight planning Flood Vulnerability Flood detection Flour Purity Forest Fusion Methods feature extraction feature selection flood hazard assessment

G

G2SFCA GIS GIS uncertainty assessment GNSS GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) GNSS-based method GPS-denied environments Garden Change Detection Gaussian Process Regression Gaussian distribution Generalization Genetic Algorithm Genetic algorithm GeoAI Geological Mapping Geoparsing Geospatial Geospatial Analytics Geospatial Information Systems Gini coefficient Global Navigation Satellite Systems Global gridded products Goldstein’s Branch-Cut Golestan Google Earth Engine Google Imagery Gorgan Bay Gradient Tree Boost Gradient boosting Gram-Schmidt Graph Convolution Network (GCN) Greenbelt Ground Control Point geometric accuracy graph

H

HAI HYSPIM Habitat Suitability Modeling Height Estimation Heuristic High-Resolution Remote Sensing High-order model High-resolution imagery Hospital services Humanitarian Aids Logistics Hybrid Architecture Hydrothermal alteration mapping Hyperspectral Imaging Hyperspectral classification high-resolution remote sensing

I

IFC Iceland Image Fusion InSAR Indoor Evacuation Indoor Localization Indoor navigation Indoor topology Information Infrastructure Infrastructure Resilience Integration Method Selection Interactive Web GIS Iran Iran Aviation Network Iran,BIM Iranian plateau Isfahan city

L

LAI LOD simplification LS-HE LST LULC Land Administration Land Change Modeler (LCM) Land Cover Change Land Surface Temperature Land Surface Temperature (LST) Land Use Change Land cover classification Land degradation Land subsidence Land surface temperature Landeyjahöfn Harbour Landsat Landsat 5–9 Landsat 9 Landsat Imagery Landsat-8 Landsat-OLI sensor Landslide susceptibility mapping Latyan Dam basin Leaf Area Index Leak Detection Least-squares method Least-squares-based deep learning LiDAR DSM LightGBM Lithium Mineral Exploration Lithology Local Climate Zones lake water level light gradient boosting machine

M

MANet MARCOS MAVEN MCDM MDST-DBSCAN MODIS MS UAV Machine Learning Machine learning Machine learning models Mangrove Forests Marine biology Martian atmosphere Martian ionosphere Max-tree filtering MaxEnt Meta-stacking ensemble Meteorological Variables Miankaleh Wetland Microscopic Model Mineral prospectivity mapping Mini-GCN Mobile GIS MobileNetV2 Monocular point cloud Monthly Temperature Estimation Monthly water-quality time series Morphology Moscow Multi-Context POI Recommendation Multi-Criteria Analysis Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Multi-Objectives Optimization Multiresolution analysis Multivariate Time Series machine learning median filtering

N

NDSM NDVI NSGA-II Natural Disaster Natural language processing Network Congestion Next POI Recommendation Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Nitrogen oxides Noisy Data Non-metric Camera Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) natural gradient boosting noise pollution

O

Object Detection Oblique Imagery Open-Pit Mining Open-source GIS OpenBIM Optical depth Optimization Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Origin Destination matrix Orthophotomosaic Outstanding Receivables Ozone

P

PAN PCA PET PPGIS PRISMA PSPNet PWV Particulate matter Patch-CONVLSTM Pattern recognition Pedestrian Dynamics Performance Evaluation Photogrammetric Image Network Photogrammetry Photogrammetry Products Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) Pipeline Planet-Scope Playa Environments Point reduction PolSAR classification Pollution dispersion Postal Logistics Power BI Precipitation Puma concolor pan-sharpening phase unwrapping photogrammetry software polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) pseudo-gap evaluation

R

RT-DETR Radar Radiosonde Random Forest Random Forest (RF) Random Forest Regressor Real-ESRGAN Real-time object detection Reed-Xiaoli (RX) Algorithm Regional Smartification Regression Remote Sensing Remote sensing Revenue generation Risks Road Road Damage Index (RDI) Route Optimization random forest remote sensing

S

SAR imagery SBAS InSAR SCL SMAP Satellite Data Security Vulnerabilities Seismicity rate Semantic Segmentation Semantic Venue Categorization Semi-Supervised Learning Semi-arid Region Sensitivity Analysis Sentinel 1 Sentinel-1 Sentinel-1/2 Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 Deep Resolution (S2DR3) Sentinel-2 Time Series Sewer Network Management Shahrekord Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Simplification Single-layer model Slope Monitoring Small Object Detection Smart City Smart Development Snow Phenology Social Force Model Social Media Soil Moisture Soil moisture Soil surface roughness Soil-Grid Solar Energy Potential Map Solar Panel Placement Solar Power Plant Site Selection Solar wind Space-time analysis Spatial Accessibility Spatial Algorithm Spatial Cross-Validation Spatial Data Spatial Data Integration Spatial Data Management Spatial Development Planning Spatial Downscaling Spatial data mining Spatial optimization Spatial-Temporal Evolution Spatial-Temporal LSTM Spatiotemporal Data Spatiotemporal Deep Learning Spatiotemporal Fusion Methods Spatiotemporal Modelling Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) Spectral Attention Spectral Bands Spectral Indices Stacked Ensemble Learning Stacking Ensemble Learning Steepest descent method Street-Level Imagery Subsidence Subsidence risk Super-Resolution Super-resolution Support Vector Machine (SVM) Support Vector Regression Surface fitting problem Sustainable Regional Growth Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite altimetry satellite imagery sensor fusion sentinel-2 statistical detector support vector machine

T

Tabriz City Tehran Telecommunications Network Temporal Aggregation Temporal Gap Temporal-Attention Text Classification Thermal Imagery Time Series Time-Series Analysis Time-series composite Tomography Total Electron Content Traditional empirical methods Traffic Flow Trajectory Data Transparency Travel Time Prediction Tree geometry Trend Analysis Troposphere Tropospheric Delay Tuna Fisheries and Western Indian Ocean time series time series analysis time series reconstruction

U

U-Net U-Net Architecture UAV Photogrammetry UAV navigation UAV photogrammetry Unauthorized Construction Urban 3D model Urban Analysis Urban Building Classification Urban Heat Island (UHI) Urban Management Urban Mobility Urban Planning Urban Tourism Urban growth monitoring Urban heat island Urban morphology Urban sustainability User generated Spatial Content-UGSC urban expansion

W

Water Body Mapping Water Index Water Infrastructure Water Management Water Quality Water Reservoir Time-series Water pollution source apportionment WaveNet Wavelet–ICA hybrid West Azerbaijan Wet Refractivity Wetland Change Detection Wetland Dataset Wetland Loss Detection Wheat Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Wildfire Wildfire Ecology wildfire
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